Ramses II's Triumph Over the Hittites

Jan 17, 2025

Notes on "The Victory of Ramses II Over the Khita, 1326 BCE"

Introduction

  • The poem was ordered by Ramses II and inscribed on the walls of five temples, including Karnak.
  • Illustrates the exploits of Ramses II in defeating the Hittites.
  • Source: Eva March Tappan, translated by W. K. Flinders Petrie.

Setting the Scene

  • The king of Khita, with his warriors, makes a stand but avoids direct battle with Pharaoh Ramses.
  • Hittite chariots, numerous as the sand, positioned in ambush around Kadesh.
  • Egyptian legion caught off-guard, leading to initial defeat.

Ramses II's Response

  • Ramses II, like the god Montu in might, prepares for battle alone.
  • His horses, "Victory of Thebes," come from the royal stables.
  • Despite being surrounded by 2,500 Hittite chariots and allies, Ramses stands alone.

Appeal to Ammon

  • Ramses calls on Father Ammon for aid, questioning his abandonment.
  • Emphasizes his past devotion and contributions to Ammon's temples and monuments.
  • Asserts that Ammon is greater than foreign gods and seeks divine intervention.

Divine Intervention

  • Ammon responds to Ramses' call, providing reassurance and strength.
  • Ramses receives divine support, feeling empowered like the war god Monthu.
  • Ramses charges into battle, turning the tide against the Hittites.

Battle Highlights

  • Ramses fights fiercely, akin to god Baal, breaking the Hittite forces.
  • Hittites, unable to respond, are crushed by Ramses' attack.
  • Ramses' courage and strength lead to a decisive victory.

Aftermath

  • The Hittite king and his forces are overwhelmed by Ramses' valor.
  • The Hittite allies flee in fear, recognizing Ramses as a fearsome warrior.
  • Ramses encourages his men, highlighting Ammon's support.

Source Information

  • Text part of the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook by Paul Halsall.
  • Collection aims to provide public domain and copy-permitted texts.
  • Located at Fordham University's History Department.
  • Independent project recognizing Fordham University's support.

Credits

  • Site concept and design by Paul Halsall, last revised January 2025.