Nursing Process and Related Concepts

Nursing Process Overview (ADPIE)

• A-Assesment: Collect patient health data.
• D-Diagnosis: Analyze data to determine diagnosis.
• P-Planning: Develop a care plan prescribing interventions to achieve outcomes.
• I-Intervention/Implementation: Implement the care plan.
• E-Evaluation: Evaluate patient's progress towards outcomes.

Delegation

• Definition: Assigning tasks while keeping responsibility for completion.
• Guidelines:
  1. Right task: Match client needs with caregiver’s skills.
  2. Right circumstance: Ensure appropriate situation.
  3. Right person: Consider competencies.
  4. Right directions/communication: Provide sufficient information.
  5. Right supervision/evaluation: Assist, validate, and analyze task completion.

Healthy People 2030

• Goals: Promote health, eliminate disparities, create health-promoting environments, and engage public.
• Principles:
  • Health is vital for society.
  • Promoting health includes physical, mental, social dimensions.
  • Aims for health equity and literacy.
  • Responsibility shared across all sectors.
• Plan: Set goals, provide data, support evidence-based policies, report progress.

Culture

• Definition: Group values, beliefs, practices.
• Race vs Ethnicity:
  • Race: Physical differences considered socially significant.
  • Ethnicity: Shared cultural characteristics like ancestry, beliefs.

Nursing Practice

• Nursing Practice Act: Defines scope of practice per state regulations.
• Roles:
  • LPNs: Work under supervision, may supervise UAPs.
  • Advanced Practice Nurses: Clinical specialists, nurse practitioners.
  • UAPs/CNAs/PCTs: Assist nurses, require training and supervision.
  • Registered Nurses: Coordinate care, delegate tasks following guidelines.

Legal Aspects

• Laws: Protect public and individuals; include constitutional, statutory, administrative, common, criminal, civil.
• Torts:
  • Intentional: Assault, battery, false imprisonment.
  • Unintentional: Negligence and malpractice.
  • Malpractice Elements: Duty, breach of duty, causation, injury.

Ethics

• Ethics: Classify actions as right or wrong.
• Ethical Principles:
  • Beneficence: Do good.
  • Nonmaleficence: Do no harm.
  • Autonomy: Right to make own choices.
  • Veracity: Duty to be honest.
  • Fidelity: Faithfulness to work commitments.
  • Justice: Impartial treatment.

Asepsis and Infection Control

• Medical Asepsis: Reduce microorganisms; involves hygiene and antimicrobial practices.
• Surgical Asepsis: Ensure items are microbe-free; involves sterilization.
• Standard Precautions: Reduce transmission risk, includes PPE use.
• Transmission-based Precautions: For highly transmissible infections; includes airborne, droplet, contact.

Nursing Interventions for Infection Control

• Follow transmission precautions.
• Wear appropriate PPE.
• Perform hand hygiene frequently.
• Educate patients on preventive measures.

These notes summarize key aspects of the nursing process, legal and ethical considerations, cultural implications, infection control, and delegation in nursing.