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The Impact of Religion on Empires

Oct 30, 2024

Heimler's History: Religion and Empires (1450-1750)

Introduction

  • Focus on the role of religion in land-based empires from 1450-1750.
  • Religion as a unifying force and a source of conflict.

Christian Schism in Europe

  • Dominance of Roman Catholic Church

    • Provided cultural continuity during feudalism.
    • Lost power as monarchies centralized.
    • Black Death challenge and failure decreased authority.
  • Corruption and Theological Disputes

    • John Wycliffe translated Bible to vernacular, challenging church authority.
    • Corruption through selling indulgences (absolution for sin) and simony (selling church offices).
  • Martin Luther's Reformation

    • Luther's revelation from the Bible emphasized faith alone for salvation.
    • On October 31, 1517, Luther's 95 Theses challenged church practices.
  • Spread of Protestant Reformation

    • Rapid dissemination due to the printing press.
    • Spread throughout Europe: John Calvin in Geneva, John Knox in Scotland.
  • Catholic Counter-Reformation

    • Council of Trent (1545-1563) addressed abuses and reaffirmed Catholic doctrines.

Islamic Schism: Sunnis vs Shias

  • Conflict between Ottoman (Sunni) and Safavid (Shia) Empires

    • Safavid shift to Shia Islam, denying Sunni legitimacy.
    • Territorial and religious disputes.
    • Ottoman Sultan's harsh condemnation of Safavid ruler.
  • Ongoing Sunni-Shia Tensions

    • Continued religious and political conflict without resolution.

Mughal Empire's Religious Tolerance

  • Akbar's Policy
    • Embraced religious inclusivity.
    • Supported both Hindus and Muslims equally.
    • Assisted the Catholic Church and accepted Sikhism.

Conclusion

  • Emphasis on religious influence in shaping empires.
  • Encouragement for viewers to engage more for academic success.