Understanding EV Charger Types and Speeds English Nov 15

Nov 17, 2024

Charger Types and Speeds

Overview of EV Charging

  • Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (EVSE) is used to charge EVs at various speeds.

Charging Levels

Level 1 Charging

  • Uses a standard 120-volt (120V) AC outlet.
  • Charging Time:
    • BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle): 40-50+ hours to 80%.
    • PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle): 5-6 hours.

Level 2 Charging

  • Utilizes 240V (residential) or 208V (commercial) AC service.
  • Common for home, workplace, and public charging.
  • Charging Time:
    • BEV: 4-10 hours to 80%.
    • PHEV: 1-2 hours.

Direct Current Fast Charging (DCFC)

  • Provides rapid charging along high-traffic corridors.
  • Charging Time:
    • BEV: 20 minutes to 1 hour to 80%.
    • Limited compatibility with PHEVs.

Considerations for Charger Selection

  • Voltage requirements.
  • Charging and vehicle dwell times.
  • Initial and ongoing costs.

FHWA National Standards (2023)

  • Predictable and reliable charging experience.
  • Standards cover:
    • Charging port numbers, connector types, power level.
    • Availability, payment methods, uptime/reliability.
    • Network connectivity and interoperability.

Summary of EV Charger Specifications

| Charger Type | Voltage | Power Output | BEV Charge Time | PHEV Charge Time | |----------------|--------------|---------------------|-------------------|------------------| | Level 1 | 120 V AC | 1 kW | 40-50 hours | 5-6 hours | | Level 2 | 208-240 V AC | 7-19 kW | 4-10 hours | 1-2 hours | | DC Fast Charge | 400-1000 V DC| 50-350 kW | 20 min - 1 hour | N/A |

Typical Locations for Chargers

  • Level 1: Home.
  • Level 2: Home, workplaces, public areas.
  • DC Fast Charging: Public areas, highway corridors.

Additional Considerations

  • Chargers' performance varies based on environmental conditions and vehicle specifics.
  • The transition from AC to DC fast charging is most efficient until 80% battery capacity.

Connector Types

  • J1772 for Level 1 and 2.
  • CCS, CHAdeMO, Tesla for DC Fast Charging.

Charging Speed Factors

  • Affected by charger and vehicle condition, age, and temperature.

This summary provides a comprehensive overview of EV charger types and speeds, highlighting essential details needed for planning and understanding the EV charging infrastructure.