Cultural Identity and Grief in El Building

Dec 19, 2024

American History by Judith Ortiz Cofer

Setting and Context

  • The story takes place in a Puerto Rican tenement known as El Building in Paterson, New Jersey.
  • The narrative begins with the environment described as musically vibrant but falls silent on the day President Kennedy is assassinated.
  • El Building is located at the corner of Straight and Market streets.

Themes and Symbolism

  • Cultural Identity: The residents of El Building, primarily Puerto Rican immigrants, are depicted as trying to retain their culture amidst their new environment.
  • Isolation and Belonging: The protagonist, Elena, experiences feelings of alienation in her school and community.
  • Dreams and Aspirations: References to Puerto Rico and future potential reflect the dreams of the immigrant community.
  • Discrimination and Prejudice: Eugene's mother embodies racial and class prejudice.

Characters

  • Elena: A young Puerto Rican girl, the protagonist, who is dealing with feelings of alienation and young love.
  • Eugene: Elena’s neighbor, a boy from Georgia whom she admires and befriends.
  • Mr. DePalma: The science teacher and disciplinarian at P.S. 13 who announces Kennedy's death.
  • Eugene's Mother: A red-headed nurse who discourages the friendship between Elena and Eugene due to racial prejudice.
  • Elena's Mother: Anxious and protective, concerned about Elena's infatuation and social standing.

Plot Summary

  • Prologue: The silence in El Building on the day of Kennedy's assassination signifies the gravity of the event for the residents.
  • School Life: Elena describes the challenges and cultural tensions at her school, including interactions with classmates and teachers.
  • Eugene's Family: Elena observes Eugene's family, contrasting them with the previous Jewish residents.
  • Young Love: Elena develops an attraction to Eugene, seeing him as a source of beauty and light.
  • Cultural and Racial Barriers: Despite her feelings for Eugene, Elena faces rejection from his mother due to racial and class prejudice.
  • Kennedy's Assassination: Elena learns about the assassination of President Kennedy, witnessing the collective grief.

Key Events

  • Playground Scene: Elena faces teasing from classmates during P.E., illustrating her feelings of alienation.
  • Meeting Eugene: Elena finally speaks to Eugene, marking the beginning of their friendship.
  • Eugene’s Mother’s Rejection: Elena is turned away by Eugene's mother, reflecting societal barriers.
  • President Kennedy's Death: The event casts a shadow over the community, affecting everyone’s demeanor.

Important Imagery

  • El Building: Represents both community and confinement.
  • Eugene’s House: Symbol of hope and different social status.
  • Snow: The snow at the end symbolizes purity and change, possibly representing Elena's loss of innocence.

Conclusion

  • Personal Reflection: The story closes with Elena reflecting on her personal loss and the broader community mourning for President Kennedy, symbolizing a shared, yet individual sense of grief.