Notes on Introduction to Criminal Justice System Lecture

Opening Prayer

• Pasasalamat sa Diyos para sa araw at kaalaman.
• Humihiling ng makalangit na kaalaman at lakas.

Introduction

• Good morning to all attendees from Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
• Overview of the discussion on the Introduction to Criminal Justice System.
• Alignment with the latest table of specifications (TOS).

B. Queno Book Promotion

• Compilation of review materials from six major areas.
• Encouragement for students (1st to 4th year) to procure the book early.
• Contains question and answer portion from previous exams.
• A portion of proceeds will go to dialysis patients in Negros Oriental.

Criminal Justice System (CJS)

Definition

• CJS is a system involving various agencies working together for the prevention and suppression of crime.
• Includes PNP, NBI, judiciary, and other agencies.
• Functions as the machinery of government to enforce laws and maintain peace.

Functions of CJS

• Prevent and control criminal activities.
• Enforce laws.
• Maintain order and protect life and property.

Five Pillars of CJS

1. Law Enforcement

   • Frontline in crime prevention and control.
   • Responsible for arrest, investigation, and prosecution assistance.

2. Prosecution

   • Handles the legal proceedings against offenders.

3. Courts

   • Adjudicates cases and ensures justice.

4. Corrections

   • Focus on rehabilitation of offenders.

5. Community

   • Involvement of the community in maintaining public safety.

Law Enforcement Details

• PNP (Philippine National Police) under DILG.
• NBI (National Bureau of Investigation) under DOJ.
• PDEA (Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency) under DDB.
• Differences between PNP and NBI explained:
  • PNP is the primary local enforcement agency, while NBI handles more serious or sensational cases.

History of PNP

• Originated from Act No. 175, renamed through various acts.
• Established under Republic Act 6975.
• PNP is national in scope and civilian in character.
• Reorganized under Republic Act 8551 in 1998 and updated by Republic Act 9708.

Powers and Functions of PNP

• Enforces laws, maintains order, investigates crimes, and makes arrests.

Arrest Procedures

• Arrest Definition: Taking a person into custody.
• Two modes of arrest: warranted and warrantless (citizen's arrest).
• Probable Cause: Necessary for issuing a warrant.
• Arrest must be executed within 10 days of receipt of the warrant.

Execution of Arrest Warrant

• Steps for executing a warrant include verifying validity, introducing oneself, and informing the suspect of their rights.
• Miranda Rights: Right to remain silent, right to an attorney, right to be informed of the accusation.

Warrantless Arrest

• Grounds for warrantless arrest include:
  1. In flagrante delicto (caught in the act).
  2. Hot pursuit (immediate and urgent scenarios).
  3. Escape prisoners.

Custodial Investigation

• Process of questioning a suspect in custody; Miranda rights must be upheld.

Legal Implications of Violating Rights

• Penalties for not informing a suspect about their rights during custodial investigation.
• Importance of compliance with Republic Act 7438.

Search Procedures

• Definition of search infringement and the requirement of a search warrant.
• Procedures for conducting a search with a warrant, including knock and announce rule.
• Evidence obtained from illegal searches is inadmissible in court (fruits of the poisonous tree).

Conclusion

• Session concluded with a promise to continue discussing the remaining pillars of CJS in the next episode.
• Gratitude expressed to attendees.