hi folks how's it going you're very welcome to another Saturday session of Junior cycle history here at exam revision so in this lesson we're going to look at the fight for Irish independence from the years 1916 to 1923 so like these this is our main events 1916 Rising the war of independence the foundation of Northern Ireland the anglo-irus Tracy and the Irish Civil War okay so we have to examine the rise and impact of nationalism and unionism okay now we're not going to cover the rise of nationalism and unionism at this topic this topic is going to focus on the key events from 1916 1923 so the first event we're going to look at is our 1916 rising and then and then we're going to go on to the the chain of events that followed after that until um I suppose the anglo-irustration negotiations and the Civil War so before we get started guys um I'm just going to do a bit of an analysis on the junior cycle exam paper from 2022. an interesting question came up so this question okay now unfortunately the junior cycle exam paper did not have marks beside the question but this question here write a short account of the Irish Civil War all right this question was what a total of 18 Max now unfortunately guys you didn't know that um but students didn't know that when they start the exam but it is 118 Max hopefully the next exam will have the Americans the Max on the paper Okay so just gonna go through because it's an interesting question so what this tells me is that any of the events that we study over the course of this lesson 1916 the war of independence the anglo-irus treaty negotiations and the Irish Civil War any of them can come up in a question like this where it's worth 18 marks in total so that's quite a long question so you've got to be able to write an account of any of those events you've got to be prepared to write any kind of all of them okay because this question specifically asked for the Irish Civil War it didn't say right in account of you know one of the events over the course of uh you know this time 1916 1923 it said write an account of the Irish Civil War so it was very specific in what they wanted you to do so I'm just going to go down and go through how this question was marked and what you need to be how you need to prepare for the exam when it comes to looking at these major events so simple I suppose explanation of the American scheme each valid relevant and developed point is where three marks Okay so let's get our match heads on here what is 18 divided by tree but it's six okay so what that tells us is that we need to have six developed relevant points to be guaranteed full marks on this question at least six okay so I'm gonna go through now what that might look like so bear in mind guys you you don't just talk about the the course you know the major events that happen during the Civil War you will be awarded Max for talking a bit about the background and a bit about the impact and consequences so what I would do is I'd split it up into three sections I would mention at least two developed points on the background or causes of the war of the Irish Civil War then I would mention at least two developed points okay on the course and ending of the war okay so there are the events that happened during the war and I would give two developed points on the impact and consequences of the war okay so each develop point you give is going to be your train rack so if you're given two on the background two on the course and two on the consequences you're gonna get 18 out of 18. okay um no just to be careful so the only awarded up to six marks for points on the background and causes of the war so that's why I would not give more than two relevant points okay on this because you can only get married for two of them you can only get six Max here all right but that's just a guide guys a simple guide okay as to how you can get former acts on this question it's not not all the Macs around just the course of the war the max can be divided across the causes the course and the consequences all right and this can be you know this template you can follow you can use this template for any of the events if you're asked to talk about given account of the 1916 Rising absolutely use this template if you're asked to give an account of the war of independence or the angle Irish treaty negotiations you can use this template okay so guys that's just a little explanation of the American scheme and how it was marked on the most recent and only Junior cycle History exam paper so I hope that was helpful guys now we're going to jump right into our first event the 1916 Rising okay so um before we go to the 1916 Rising actually I'm just going to give you a bit of an overview as to what's going to be covered so learning intentions today we're going to look at the cars course and consequence of the 1916 Rising we're going to look at the the course and consequences of the war of independence we're going to look at Northern Ireland okay so understand how and why Northern Ireland was created we are going to examine the course and consequence of the anglo-irish treaty negotiations and we're going to look and examine and understand the course and consequences of the Irish Civil War so quite a lot being covered in this lesson guys okay of course again vital that we know all these events in detail because it looks like we could be asked to write an account an 18-minute question on any of them so guys the first event is the 1916 Rising all right now we know in Ireland there have been um I suppose or a rise of nationalism and unionism kind of between 1910 and 1916. okay now you'll remember think back to to your lesson on the rise of nationalism and unionism that you would have gone to school so we know that John Redmond who's the leader of the home rule party John Redman successfully achieved a home rule bill now we noticed home rule Bill did not pass it was suspended because of the outbreak of World War II and John Redmond earned Ira he he sorry not earned I suppose he he pleaded with Irish men he encouraged Irish men to join the British Army and fight in World War one because he felt if Ireland doesn't support the war effort of Britain's side that could jeopardize home rule but this was controversial and this caused the Irish volunteers to split okay so the Irish volunteers sped the two groups the national volunteers and these were the men that followed Redmond okay and these believe that yes we should support Britain in World War one because it had been it would benefit home rule and a lot of the men in this section of the national volunteers would join the British army okay and they're fighting regimen such as the Royal Dublin fusiliers in places like France and Belgium now 11 000 of the national volunteers okay refused to join and these these 11 000 were led by this man here on McNeil okay and they wanted to stay back in Ireland and make sure home rule happened okay so these are members of the IRB these would be members of the IRB the Irish Republican Brotherhood who would go on to organize the 1916 Rising so the IRB had a military Council okay a military Council and this was made up of men who they are saying was England's difficulty is Ireland's opportunity so while England is preoccupied of fighting World War one we are going to plan a rising an uprising against British rule in Dover okay and the following men planned the rise these are members of the irb's military Council Eamonn kantz Thomas Clark James Connolly Sean McDermott Thomas McDonough Patrick Pierce Joseph Mary plunkus and Roger casement so the background to the rising guys so what we're going to do now what we're covering now could go into an answer on on talk about the event you know um I suppose course and events of 1916 Rising okay so during World War One the military Council of the IRB so the man we just looked at there planned arising against British rule the IRB said England's difficulty with Ireland's opportunity referring to England's preoccupation with World War One and the IRB needed weapons they were not very well armed so they needed weapons you'll recall maybe um in a in in your school that the IRB has smuggled some weapons in during the whole gun running okay but they needed more all right and they went to Germany for the weapons so Germany who would they were uh an ally of oh sorry an ally an enemy of Britain okay and they were you know the old saying the enemy of my enemy is my friend so they were more than willing to send us some weapons okay and this man here Roger casement um an Irish Diplomat he managed to secure 20 000 rifles and one million rounds of ammunition and 10 machine guns from the Germans to help with the rising now interesting about these rifles they actually weren't German rifles they were Russian rifles that the Germans had captured from the Russians in World War one so they're kind of like you know uh secondhand hand-me-down rifles that we were getting now the weapons were transported to Ireland on board the art okay and this is the journey the odd talk you might say it was a bit of an odd Journey look at this okay all the way around here okay up to the North Sea down here at the Atlantic and down into Kerry now the reason why they took this route is basically to avoid British surveillance there would have been British ships patrolling the seas around Britain and Ireland So to avoid them okay so the weapons are transported to Ireland on board the odd in April 1916. now unfortunately on April 21st disaster struck the odd was intercepted by the British Patrol boat now the captain of the art decided to sink the ship okay he scuttled the ship so the all the weapons were lost and Roger casement was arrested and sentenced to death as a result so he was on board the ship okay now Alma Canal the leader okay of the Irish volunteers now he was the part of the military Council but what he he he heard about this and what he did is he sent out an order that all Irish volunteers were to cancel cancel all military exercises planned for Easter Sunday because he said it's not a hope arising to take place we barely have any weapons okay now the irb's military Council were determined to go ahead of the rising anyway so the man I showed you and those men were going to sign the proclamation of the Irish public and they decided that the rising should go ahead on the 24th of April which was an Easter Monday okay now the problem was because all McNeil has sent those um basically a message to cancel all all military exercises around the country that meant that the rising would only really be confined to Dublin okay apart from Dublin the only really other area where major fighting took place was and actually in Ashburn County need all right so I meant the rising was going to be on a much smarter scale which obviously would not be good so on Easter Monday about 2 000 Rebels occupied key buildings in Dublin some of these you might know the general post office on O'Connell Street by the way it's back then it actually wasn't Carl O'Connell Street it was referred to as Sackville street we have Bolens Mill and the Royal College of Surgeons powdered Pierce so this man here he stood on the steps of the GPO and he read out the proclamation of the Irish Republic you've probably seen that document okay he read it out in public in full view of the public on the steps of the GPO and he then ordered all this men to occupy the general post office the rising was about to begin okay so here we have an artist's uh impression of what it was like inside the GPO so um Great Britain the British army who were you know who would have been occupying Dublin and I remember the time they were surprised by this okay so it took them a few days to fully respond to the rising So eventually the British began attacking Rebel positions and they used a gunboat to Helga okay and they brought it up the river leafy to drop shells to drop artillery onto the GPO by the end of the week the British had 20 000 soldiers in Dublin so the British would have had soldiers stationed in the current military barracks in County Kildare they also could have brought over soldiers from the likes of Manchester and Liverpool which would have been a short spin across the IRC and what this meant is by April 29th the rebels were heavily outnumbered okay and Potter Pierce eventually surrendered and the leaders were arrested one mistake on the prior to the rebels is that they kind of failed to control major communication links and this meant that the British could basically send more soldiers to Dublin easily via both and train so just here guys I just have a little map of the kind of I suppose the the different strong points during the rising so the circular ones are the Irish volunteers okay GPO the Four Courts South Dublin Union Jacob's Factory Saint Stephen's Green Bolens Factory Northumberland road and these squares are really strong points okay Dublin Castle Trinity College for example um you'll notice here guys this is the gunboat the Helga so it actually sailed up this direction of the river leafy and was dropping shells on top of the GPO here okay so we know that Potter players surrendered all right now the rising it was a military Uprising so obviously there's going to be impacts and consequences so the first Major Impact of any War conflict is death and destruction so the rising resulted in death and destruction uh we have over 250 civilians 130 British soldiers and 60 Irish Rebels were killed and much of Dublin City Center was totally destroyed again the British had artillery they had cannons they have the Helga gunboat so they they were dropping shells in and around Dublin City Center 15 of the rising leaders were executed okay and this these executions only stopped when John Redmond pleaded with the British prime minister to stop so John Redmond leader of the home rule party the British clamped down heavily on those suspected of being involved in the rising so 3 000 people were suspected of taking parish and they were in turn so this means that they were put in jail without any trial three thousand people many of these were sent to places like frognak internment camp in Wales now the problem with this was is he had loads of Irish men and some women who were I suppose suspected of being in the rising and Asia now put together in a jail where they could associate with each other freely so naturally enough anti-british ideas and and sentiments started to spread through those people very quickly and martial law was introduced in Dublin and a straight curfew was imposed so basically like you had you had to be in Inside by by a certain time I think maybe 7 p.m and you could be shot on site if you weren't inside so we have more results to the rising then so um there was a change in public opinion so for example like you think about this if you're a Dubliner and you were involved in the rising and all of a sudden over your Easter weekend or Easter week There's a band of rebels Irish Rebels causing violence and death and destruction you're gonna be pretty annoyed at those people but people's opinion change there's a change in public opinion and this change from anger to sympathy and admiration for the rebels and this is because the British began executing the rebels okay and so as the leaders of the eye of the 1916 Rising are being executed the public became outraged a lot of the most of them were executed in killing them jail and Dublin so like people they're actually executed in the courtyard there and like it's outside so people in Dublin could hear the gunshots every day and um yeah it basically it meant that people began to really start to admire the rebels and it led to moral resentment towards Britain okay and the rising also led to the rise of the Sinn Fein party because they were wrongly associated with a chin Fein actor Griffith was the head of the Sinn Fein party they were act like the duchin Fein technically had nothing to do with the rising at this stage but the newspapers wrongly called at the shin Fein Rising so that it meant that people began to support chin Fein and Shinn Fein would eventually grow to become far more popular um than the home rule party so Sinn fein's rise continued because they wanted to gain full Independence and not just home rules so the home rule party wanted to peacefully get home rule now home rule didn't mean full independence by any means but it just meant we'd have a parliament in Dublin whereas Shane Fein Wanted full independence from Britain and people began to want this and support this so Shin Fein became popular another big thing for Sinn Fein was they successfully campaigned against conscription into the British army so the British were trying to conscript Irish orders that means we you have to fight in the British army during World War One and Shinn Fein successfully campaigned against this and again this led to the further rise in popularity of shin Fame so while the 1916 rise and it hadn't directly achieved its immediate goal of getting the Brit the British out of Ireland okay it's set I suppose in motion a chain of events which would lead to eventual Ireland getting some form of independence from Britain the next major event we're looking at is the war of independence okay so the War of Independence was a guerrilla War okay that word Guerrilla War that's a word some of us may know some of us may not a guerrilla war is basically like kind of a war where you use hit and run tactics so the IRA you know were they would have been very small in comparison to the British military so they used hit and run tactics they would Ambush the British they would only they would only fight the British on their terms so they would maybe hide in ditches and stuff Ambush British soldiers ambushed the Ric the police force and then run away okay and they caused much much damage to British forces during this war so there's a guerrilla war between the IRA and the British forces so guys just over aware the IRA so the IRA was the Irish Republican Army and the IRA basically would have comprised of many members of the IRB um some members of the Irish volunteers who fast during 1916. okay now the Irish symbol the Irish war of independent it officially began on the 21st of January 1919 when two IR raymund Dan Breen and Sean Tracy they ambushed an Ric Patrol in a place called solo had big in County Tipperary now this Ric Patrol was carrying gel and Ice gelanite is like an explosives and they are going to a quarry okay so that was one of the major tactics of the IRA they were attacked they would attack Ric there that was the royal Irish from Sabri the police force in Ireland now there are police force but they like kind of worked on behalf of the Brits of Britain okay um and you know these are soft targets the RAC um wouldn't have been heavily trained in combat but they would have had a lot of weapons so they were an easy tiger to Ambush many RAC barracks and police stations were ambushed because they often contain weapons so as we said the IRA used guerrilla warfare hit and run tactics against the British and they often attacked as he said Ric Barracks because these were lightly defended and they had weapons and ammo okay um the IRA were organized into Mobile login local units called Flying columns which operated in the countryside so like the IRA had a big advantage in that they would have known the countryside very well so they would have attacked British forces RAC forces and then they would have you know maybe went into hiding very quickly and they were very hard to catch this man here Michael Collins this is the first time we've mentioned him so we've probably all heard of Michael Collins so Michael Collins became director of intelligence he was also actually Minister of Finance for the for the unofficial Irish government at the time and Collins so Collins would have fart in 1916 but it was I suppose he really came to prominence after 1916 when he he was made director of intelligence so he did a lot of the organizing of the IRA and the guerrilla warfare and the flying columns so Collins organized a group called a squad and these were a specially trained group of Assassins and it was their job to Target British agents and spies and they were a very significant group that we're going to look at now so this here is the squad these are some of the members of Colin's group of Assassins okay look like nice fellas but um they were ruthless assassins who were you know no problem with you know who were trained Killers to kill to kill for Irish Freedom okay they were fighting they were fighting for our cause for Ireland so it was very clear in Ireland that the Ric and the British soldiers there were some a small number of British soldiers in Ireland at this time but it was mainly the Ric the police force being attacked and it meant that the British government had to do something in response and what they did is they made the black and tan Force okay so the black and tan force was made up of ex-soldiers so ex British soldiers who would fasten World War One okay and these were sent to Ireland and they are basically given a free hand to do what they want in Ireland a lot of the time they drank they were very drunk a lot of time they carried out horrible atrocities on the Irish population they would fire pot shots at Farmers working in fields they would burn Villages and towns down um so they've carried a very nasty attacks often in Revenge for Ira attacks and they would usually Target the civilian population okay and the reason why they're called the black and tan is because at the time there wasn't enough uniforms going around to I suppose give them a full police or military uniform so if you look here this is from the film The Wind that Shakes The Barley there are uniforms were a mixture of police uniforms and army uniforms as well as the blackened hands there was a new division in the Ric so the Royal Irish constabulary called the auxiliaries and they were these were a really nasty bunch of fellas okay and the auxiliaries were basically like the black and tans they would have worn similar uniforms and it was their job to carry out revenge attacks on local populations so if the IRA flying columns had attacked an Ric Patrol the Ric would carry out some horrible Revenge attacks okay an example on these Revenge attacks was Cork City Center was burned was totally burned down by auxiliaries and because of an IRA Ambush on the same day okay so the entire Cork City Center was burnt down so really really horrible um response there to the IRA ambush probably one of the most uh Infamous and significant events of the War of Independence was it was known as Bloody Sunday okay and again this was uh an Ric an auxiliary um and black and tan reprisal Revenge attack for an IRA attacker that happened earlier that day so on the 21st of November 1920 Michael Collins and the squad assassinated a group of British intelligence agents uh these intelligence agents were known as the Cairo gang they're called Gang because they served in Cairo in Egypt okay now in retaliation the Ric and the auxiliary forces and went to the cold pack during the match so if you remember Dublin and temporary were playing against one another in a game a challenge match okay get Gaelic football and the Ric and auxiliary forces opened fire on the crowd and they killed 14 people and this became known as Bloody Sunday just indiscriminate firing in on the crowd they they blocked off the gate stopped people from um escaping so really really nasty horrible retaliation just you know murdering people in Cold Blood who were just out on a Sunday uh enjoying a game of football so by 1921 by the middle of 1921 I should say um we were nearing the end of the war of independence so firstly the IRA had lost many of its members because they'd either died or were imprisoned you know so the IRA was a small Guerrilla Force as well as that the blackened hands and auxiliaries we know that they were carrying out brutal attacks on the Irish population like you know world of this spread and it resulted in serious International criticism so countries other countries like America for example that were saying what are you doing you're you're murdering civilians you know this has to end okay and eventually on the 11th of July 1921 and the British prime minister Lloyd George this man here and Eamon de Valera this man here okay so he was the I suppose unofficial president of Ireland at the time they called a truce to end the war okay so the result of that truth would be the anglo-irus treaty negotiations now before we go into those another significant event happened around this time and it was the foundation of Northern Ireland so Northern Ireland is a stage that still exists to this day um now Northern Ireland today is probably about I think there's a slight majority of this 51 Catholics 49 Protestants but back in 1920 it would have been different it would have been maybe like 70 75 Protestants and maybe 25 tourism Catholics so what they did the British government founded a new state up here that would be proud of Great Britain because the British government said that the majority of people in in this area in the northeast of Ireland are Protestant and consider themselves to be British so this led to what something called the government of Ireland act in 1920. so under the government of Ireland act Ireland was partitioned okay divided into two sections um parliaments were established in the north and eventually later on in the South which we'll look at and these parliaments would control internal matters and force external stuff like trading for example these will be dealt with by Westminster in London okay now this partition was controversial and it resulted inviting clashes up up north between unionist and nationalists so a lot of unionists would have attacked nationalist populations up north a lot of violence a lot of nationalists burnt out of their homes and because of I suppose the sectarianism um you know hatred and Prejudice due to due to one's religion as a result of this so this was a very controversial impact and you know obviously we know the foundation of Northern Ireland is as a result of British conquest and colonization during the Ulster Plantation and you know it's very interesting guys I suppose because you think about it like you know this has resulted in the troubles which you know occurred through the late second half of the 20th century and you know it's interesting though because there's talk now about a potential referendum for the north to rejoin the South as a a unified 32 County Republic um you know and that's something that you guys will probably have a say in or we'll see in your lifetime so just it's interesting how something that happened in the early 1600s led to the creation of a new country which might you know impact your future as well so around the same time as this guys we have um the anglo-irish treaty okay so again the Irish Civil War ended sorry the Irish war of independence ended okay a truce was called between British Prime Minister David Lloyd George and Eamon de Valera okay and there was negotiations between Shin Fein and the British government and they began on October 1921 on basically what to do what to do what's to be done next okay um and both the British government and Sinn Fein had different aims so the Sinn Fein delegation the Sinn Fein negotiating team was Arthur Griffiths Michael Collins we can see him here Eamon Duggan Robert burden and George Gavin Duffy now Eamon de Valera who was the president of Ireland at the time he did not attend the negotiations this is very controversial Valero was seen as the man in Ireland he was the the head of the Irish State I suppose or you know what we're at the time we call ourselves Ireland um and you know like he would would have been a strong negotiator a good talker so it was controversial that he did not go now the aims of shin Fein were to achieve a republic free from British rule and end partitions so that was the main aim okay and these negotiations took place in London by the way so guys this is just um a children here an election poster for shin Fein if you really want an Irish Republic vote for shin Fame okay so again just a little uh slogan uh campaign slogan for the shin Fame political party another image of Michael Collins uh famous image of him taken in London obviously big big grin in his face um I'd love to know what the joke was or what he was smiling at but uh you know it's interesting it gives you an idea of Colin's personality you know this is jarring such a tumultuous time he's negotiating the future of Ireland you know most other leaders would be would be tense and and on age but Collins is you know he's a very relaxed demeanor here um you know very very cool image of Michael Collins so the British delegation then British to Britain had a a strong formidable negotiating team including David Lloyd George Winston Churchill so you probably heard of him he would later become the British prime minister during World War II Austin Chamberlain and Lord birkenhead and the aims of the the brace delegation were for Ireland to remain in the British Commonwealth so Ireland would not leave Ireland would basically stay in the British Commonwealth under a British rule essentially So eventually after tense negotiations the anglo-irish treaty was signed in the early hours of the morning on the 6th of December 1921. and these are the terms that both sides agreed to so both sides Sinn Fein and the British delegation they had not fully achieved their aims but they kind of met halfway so the south of Ireland will be renamed the Irish free state and however Ireland would remain in the British Commonwealth so significant a big thing was Ireland to have its own Parliament based in Dublin to look after internal affairs so again um other Affairs such as you know trade going to war would be that would be decided by the British government for Ireland okay um the four trees this is a very controversial one Irish politicians had to swear and out of allegiance to the British crown before dialed meetings so this is very controversial like you know Irish politicians most the Irish politicians would have literally fought in either 1916 or the War of Independence against British rule so like why on Earth should they take an oath of allegiance to a British king that was particularly a controversial one the king of England had a representative in Ireland called the governor general okay basically keep an eye on what the Irish were doing the British military would still have the use of tree what were nicknamed treaty Port so there was um tree ports of the British military British Navy could use I suppose they were strategically considered to be important for Britain when it came to patrolling the Atlantic Ocean and these were in uh Cove Bear Haven and luxury and a final major term is a boundary commission was set up and these would decide on the exact border between the North and South of Ireland okay um just find it very very interesting I suppose that you know Michael Collins Michael Collins during the war of independence would have been like the Most Wanted Man in Britain you know um and now here he was literally in Britain negotiating with the with with the Irish sorry with the with the British negotiating team but Lord broken had Winston Churchill Austin Chamberlain David Lloyd George you know um so it's really interesting when you think about it and I I wonder I'd say a lot of the breadth of that British delegation while they might have you know had a serious disdain or for Collins you know I'd imagine they surely would have had quite a bit of respect for him as well and you know couldn't help but have some kind of admiration for him you know for the cause he was fighting for um so the Anglo Irish treaty guys was signed on December 6th 1921. now this didn't mean that it was passed this would have to be debated in the dolls so next thing the doll debates the Anglo I was treated Okay so there was Pro and anti-treaty arguments so those on the pro treaty side their argument was the IRA couldn't continue to fight the British military okay so one of the threats from Britain was if you don't sign the angular Irish treaty we're going to continue the war okay and the IRA didn't have the weapons or manpower to keep doing this second Pro treaty agman the treaty would act as a stepping stone towards full Independence or Ireland so Mike of Holland's had a great quote it doesn't give us full of freedom but it gives us the freedom to achieve freedom okay um third argument I suppose rejecting the treaty would result in the renewal of war with Britain so Britain would just would renew the war with the IRA and the IRA you know there's already enough death and destruction throughout Ireland and the IRA were not equipped to fight anymore Michael Collins and Arthur Griffith were on the pro treaty side now what were the anti-treating arguments well the treaty had not achieved a full independent Republic of Ireland which was the main aim of Shinn Fein at the time okay it was we want no less than a full independent republic and the treaty did not end partitions so Ireland remained partitioned into the North and the South another thing and we mentioned this already it was controversial the anti-treaty side argued that Irish politicians should never have to swear and out of allegiance to the British crown okay these are men who have literally fought against British rule we are not going to swear in audible agents um Eamon de Valera and Carl brewinger so he was the Minister of Defense at the time they were on the anti-treaty side so Michael Collins in my opinion it gives us the freedom not the ultimate Freedom that nation's desire but the freedom to achieve it so that was Michael Conan's View and opinion on the treaty it's interesting because when he signed a treaty he actually said I've just signed my own death warrant so you know the idea that he he knew what was down the line he knew this Tracy would be controversial divisive and would could maybe result in you know a Civil War which may lead to his death so the dollar debates the treaty and just very interesting image guys if this was massive in Ireland and you can see that the huge crowds outside um standing outside the dial waiting for the results of the negotiation so on the 7th of January 22 the anglo-irish treaty was put before the doll okay and the doll voted in favor of the treaty by 64 votes to 57 so it wasn't a landslide Victory there was still a lot of people that are Irish politicians did not or would not accept the anglo-irish treaty now probably the most important of these was aim and the Valera so Eamon de Valera resigned as president and walked out of the dial with his supporters in protest so again that's a big statement the presence of Ireland is literally resigning he does not accept this treaty and he's resigning okay and so very very controversial moved by him so this is an anti-treaty poster um like you know basically arguing that before the treaty when we were fighting we had more freedom whereas now the fault this treaty has kind of brought us into the United Kingdom even more okay it's just an anti-treaty propaganda poster so the Irish Anglo Irish treaty was so controversial that it would result in our next event the Irish Civil War okay firstly what's a civil war well the Civil Wars are often extremely tragic because a civil war is a war between citizens of the same country and this is what happened in Ireland okay a split occurred in Ireland um basically you had people who were pro-treating and people who were anti-treating so those who are pro-tracy in favor of the treaty these were formed into an official Army called the Irish free state Army okay and those who are anti-tracy became known as Republicans or sometimes they're called Irregulars Okay and like these both both these sides would have fought together um as part of the IRA against British rule now they were fighting each other okay so these once comrades would now wage war with each other over the treaty really tragic event you've actually had a lot of families like literally brothers and fathers in families who split over this some became anti-treaty Republicans some became members of the Free State Army and they fought against each other really really tragic event the Irish Civil War so in response to the angular Irish treaty the anti-treesy forces occupied the Four Courts in Dublin and this was in protest against the treaty okay and they occupied the course they were led by a man called Rory O'Connor and they occupied the four course so that you can see it in the background there for a number of months when on the 28th of June Michael Collins okay so Michael Collins became the leader of the Free State Army he was actually put under pressure by British by uh one of the British members of the negotiating Team Winston Churchill to basically bomb bomb them out of Four Courts so you see there this is the Free State Army down here okay and these guys here and they they're actually using artillery that was borrowed from the British army okay and they share the Four Courts and the anti-treating forces surrendered just two days later now quite tragic this event um because the four chords contained a lot of really really valuable sources documents and relating to Irish history that were lost because the four chords went open Flames it was you know wet on fire obviously following the attacks and the shelling so it was a really really controversial event in that way now most of the fighting of the Irish Civil War took place in Monster in a place that became known as the Munster Republic okay so Andy treaty forces under three state Army fast mainly in the monster Republic so the anti-true IRA retreated into monster and they basically made a number of strongholds um heavily defended Ares and monster and what would happen is that the Free State Army would land by boats Land by sea and capture strong points in Cary and cork so let's name it an image of it here and they would approach the coastlines around carrying Cork and troops would run off the boat and capture um anti-treaty Ira strong points okay and the fighting continued throughout the countryside now again tragic event on the 12th of August 1922 Arthur Griffith died of a brain hemorrhage so Andrew Griffin he was still ahead of shin Fein but you know he wasn't fighting in this okay um they're just Days Later Michael Collins so Michael Collins who we know was the the general of the Irish free state Army at the time he was killed during an ambush in County Cork um you know in his home County and he actually famously said you know he was advised not to go down to Cork but he famously said they're not going to shoot me in my own County but unfortunately he was killed and you know Collins like his death was mourned by people all over Ireland not just the pro treason free state Army but the anti-treaty as well Andy treaty I already mourned his death he was such a great charismatic leader um during the war of independence and I suppose his death kind of robbed Ireland to one of our future great leaders so just looking here guys so this is what I mean by that the Munster Republic so in this area here you can see look um these are strong points here these triangles okay and basically the they are Andy treaty Ira blockade themselves and monster so the Irish free state Army landed via boat to capture strong points you might recognize the name of this boat here the Helga so the Helga that was used a few years before by the British military to Shell Irish Volunteers in the GPO okay and by the way this line here became known as the Limerick Waterford line it's just an image here so this again the first event of the Irish Civil War the shelling of the Four Courts and we can see here look uh you know how caught fire and unfortunately many many valuable documents uh were lost so the Irish Civil War again particularly nasty conflict um eventually in October 1922 the government passed a special Powers Act and this allowed the free state government to arrest and imprison Ira members without any trial okay and the Civil War would continue to to raise our wage right up until May 1923 when eventually a ceasefire was was called um now you know again one of the major tragic event of this is Ireland a lot of our you know key leaders were killed so leaders such as Carl brewinger and Liam Lynch on the anti-treaty side were killed and Michael Collins of course under poetry decide were also killed and so really really tragic that we kind of lost I suppose men who were considered to be probably the Future Leaders of Ireland in this conflict and again they were killed by their own side essentially okay guys so now we're going to look at the impacts or Consequences of the Irish Civil War well I suppose first two first impact was the formation of two new political parties these are significant because both of these priorities would dominate Irish politics for decades in fact they kind of open until very recently they still dominated Irish politics I suppose now we have Sinn Fein or probably on uh just just as popular as them now but these parties so firstly we've got the formation of common Niguel and these would later be called fenugale and Leo radkor for example current uh Phoenix leader and these were these formed from the pro Tracy side the second political party we have is Fina foil formed in a few years later now in 1927 but these were made up of the anti-treasy side and Eamon de Valera was the leader um it was second Major Impact of any conflict is death and destruction so there was much death and destruction in Dublin and monster um about 2 000 people were killed as well so a huge number of people dead you know you think of Ireland we've been seriously tumultuous time a lot of death and destruction throughout Ireland um kind of between 1916 and the middle of 1923 and so really tragic stuff the civil war created a bitter Legacy uh This Bitter Legacy is kind of as a result of atrocities carried out either side so both sides would basically execute prisoners you know like they would fart with as much ferocity as they'd filed against the British you know and they would execute each other each other's prisoners sometimes in really nasty ways you know with landmines and stuff and this these atrocities basically poisoned Irish politics for decades okay again wouldn't have helped Ireland move forward because of the bitterness that lasted um final bonus was we have a first official Irish free state constitution was eventually drawn up it set up a civil service it set up a new police force okay so again the Ric were gone they were placed by angara shiakana and also set up a system of Courts okay guys a bit of a recap of our learning intention so the course and consequences of the 1916 rising and to understand the course and consequences of the war of independence to understand how and why Northern Ireland was created and to understand the course and consequences of the anglo-irus treating negotiations and to understand the course and consequences of the Irish Civil War so guys just a bit of a I suppose just referring back to our exam questions looked at the start so guys like what I would do I really suggest you do is practice writing out a sample answer for each of these events particularly 1916 Rising the war of independence angular restriction negotiations and the Irish Civil War okay because there's a very strong chance one of them may be on a junior cycle History exam okay and again use the format I gave you so you're you know your your two valid develop points on the I suppose causes the two Vander develop points on the I suppose the course maybe you know three three or four there even and then maybe a couple of valid develop develop points on the consequences practice writing out those answers okay guys thanks for tuning in Hope is beneficial and we'll see you soon