| Iraq | Freedom, democracy, WMD narrative | Invasion, regime change | Shattered state, mass civilian deaths, rise of ISIS, increased Iranian influence |
| Libya | Responsibility to protect, remove Gaddafi | Bombing, arming militias | Failed state, warlords, open slave markets, long-term chaos |
| Syria | Topple Assad, cut ties to Iran, pipelines | Funding and arming “moderate rebels” | Prolonged civil war, massive displacement, devastation of cities |
| Ukraine | Support democracy, oppose Russia | Encourage NATO path, oppose Minsk, massive arms flows | “Zombie state” dependent on aid, heavy casualties, looming partition and loss of sea access |