Overview
This lecture from the "Navigating Dementia" series covers the basics of dementia, including definitions, types, symptoms, risk factors, care models, and resources available for caregivers and professionals in Maryland.
Dementia: Definitions & Myths
- Dementia is a syndrome (not a single disease) causing significant cognitive and behavioral impairment.
- Over 100 types of dementia exist; common ones include Alzheimer’s, Vascular, Lewy Body, and Frontotemporal dementias.
- Dementia is not a natural part of aging; it affects daily living and can occur years before symptoms are noticed.
- Not all dementia is irreversible; about 10% are due to reversible causes.
- Many people with dementia live independently, especially in early stages.
Common Types & Symptoms of Dementia
- Alzheimer’s dementia is progressive and most common, characterized by neuron loss and brain changes.
- Vascular dementia results from reduced blood supply to the brain, often after strokes.
- Lewy Body dementia is marked by protein deposits, attention issues, and hallucinations.
- Frontotemporal dementia affects personality and behavior due to front lobe damage.
- Parkinson’s dementia affects memory and judgment as Parkinson’s progresses.
- Symptoms include memory loss, confusion, difficulty communicating, changes in mood, poor judgment, and trouble with daily tasks.
Risk Factors and Special Populations
- Risk increases with age, certain genetic factors, and conditions like Down syndrome.
- Women, racial minorities, and those with lower socioeconomic status have higher risk.
- People with Down syndrome are at increased risk, especially as they age.
Person-Centered Care & the BASICS Model
- Person-centered care focuses on individual goals, values, and preferences.
- Care involves coordinated, integrated services and trust-building.
- BASICS Model stands for: B (Behavior), A (Activities of daily living), S (Socialization), I (Individualized care), C (Communication), S (Safety).
Resources and Support
- Community, state, and national organizations offer education, care, and advocacy (e.g., Alzheimer's Association, ADEAR Center).
- BrainGuide and local Area Agencies on Aging provide assessments and information.
- Government and nonprofit resources offer education, support teams, and funding opportunities.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Dementia — umbrella term for cognitive and behavioral impairment interfering with daily life.
- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) — most common dementia, progressive neuron loss.
- Vascular dementia — brain impairment due to reduced blood flow.
- Lewy Body dementia — dementia with protein deposits in brain cells.
- Frontotemporal dementia — dementia affecting personality/behavior due to frontal lobe damage.
- Person-centered care — approach that prioritizes patient values and goals.
- Subjective Cognitive Decline — self-reported worsening confusion/memory not clinically diagnosed.
- Brain health equity — addressing disparities in dementia care and outcomes.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Attend upcoming webinars and in-person conferences listed in the series.
- Access resources like BrainGuide, ADEAR Center, and local Alzheimer’s organizations.
- Consider joining PCORI advisory panels if eligible.
- Apply person-centered care principles in professional and personal caregiving roles.
- Review additional video and reading resources for deeper understanding.