hello dear students i hope you recognize me because you have already seen my picture we have already communicated with you during two lectures but now i am doing another innovation you know i am open to new technologies so we decided to record very very short videos and first allow me to introduce myself you all know but still this is the protocol my name is i am associate professor my basic job place is the university of world languages here i am part-time teacher and i teach vocabulary studies mainly the lexicology of the english language and during our sixth semester i'll be teaching you semantics and word formation well the description of my course is given in moodle i'm sure there is a video introduction there you have seen it all today to make a long story short i will start with the first lecture in lexicology this is module one in the vocabulary studies it is in modern english lexicology okay in brief you know already you have the texts of all my lectures in moodle you have the presentations over there so you all are well armed in order to study lexicology well ahead of time for two months we will have only lectures but then we will have seminars so try not to forget what i am teaching you during the lectures to apply to your seminar exercises so lexicology as a linguistic science of course has as its main subject the vocabulary of the language but when i asked you during our previous interviews what uh how you or what you understand as a vocabulary and what the vocabulary is you always said just words no after lexicology studies you will understand that vocabulary is not only words vocabulary is much richer than just words and the lexicology will give you a very systematic description of the english vocabulary according to different lexical criteria not phonetic not grammatical just lexical criteria and of course lexicology will give you information about etymological survey about semantic classification about the relational capacity of the language combinatory capacity of the vocabulary we will study the rules of enriching the vocabulary we will study different variants of english etc etc so lexicology is one of the branches of linguistics of course and it is connected with other branches one way or another with phonetics with grammar with stylistics lingua culturology and other very very different and literature of course literature yeah because we when we analyze the vocabulary we very often use examples from uh fiction literature from poetry from anything from any language source okay and depending on which aspect of the vocabulary we study we have different types of lexicology which is general which covers all languages of the world if necessary special lexicology studies only one language like ours comparative contrastive lexicology study two or more languages to find out similarities and difficult differences in the languages historical lexicology concentrates on the diacronic approach to the study of the vocabulary and finally last but not least descriptive lexicology studies the synchronic approach to the study of the vocabulary units and again according to the aspect of the vocabulary we want to study we have here eight branches of lexicology although some of the branches like very naughty children in a family try to leave their mothers or their mothers and fathers and live independently and just likewise some branches of lexicology try to and have already become independent sciences but here i will mention very quickly all of them traditionally lexicology includes a word structure which studies the structure of the words types of morphemes how they are combined etc what formation of course how words are made to enrich the vocabulary semesterology which studies the meaning of the vocabulary units etymology which studies the historical gives the historical description of the vocabulary then we have lexicography as a branch of lexicology which is now actually considered as an independent linguistic science phraseology which was also traditionally a lexicological subject but now more and more it's becoming an independent um linguistic science then we have variants of english which traditionally is called dialectology but you know americans would be offended if we call american english a dialect that's why and you know we have when we study the variants of english we have different variants american canadian australian etc and of course dialects also will be in the focus of our attention and last but not least very important branch of lexicology which is methods of lexicological research and in this passage we will study how to deal with the vocabulary what methods what tools what techniques we can use in order to find out the real insight magic of the vocabulary magic of the word and why all these researches your diploma papers your case studies your course papers essays they all are in one way or another connected uh with the vocabulary that means you need tools of analysis and this is what we will discuss during our lectures so uh very shortly i told you but now once again and you will have you have this uh slide in your in your files word structure studies morphemes their types morpheme is the smallest uh meaningful unity of the vocabulary and there are different types of morphemes root morphemes non-root morphemes three morphemes bound morphemes so we will study them at the in due time and the lecture devoted to what structure what formation studies what building patterns and when i ask students what building patterns do they know in the uzbek language russian or or english normally they say fixation compounding shortening yeah no these are only three there are 15 ways of enriching the vocabulary of the english language and 13 of them are really formalized they use morphemes and during our lecture in what formation we will cover all of them symmetrology of course uses studies meaning and not only meaning of words i didn't say it to you yet i will say it later but still not only words i want you to remember just these phraseology studies different types of word groups stable phrases idioms etc etc and you will learn how to classify them etymology by etymological approach the vocabulary of any language is divided into two big categories into native words which were born in the same language and into borrowed words or loans and this is what we will study during etymology which countries which languages contributed to the development of the english language why it happens so that the english language is 70 percent borrowed maybe this is the reason why it became global english okay lexicography is the branch of lexicology which studies dictionaries what are dictionaries how can we make them what information should go there and the unit studied by lexicology the the meta meta term of lexicography is not word it's a gloss or a steam and the description or the definition of this glass is called entry or dictionary entry every part every every list theme and its definition in the dictionary is called an entry okay variants of english as i already mentioned we will study variants different variants of the english language and the dialects and methods i already told you we will talk about methods techniques and tools for analysis now what is subject of lexicology subject of lexicology the word lexicology you probably know is compiled from the greek word lexis a word of phrase and logos which means study or learning lexicology deals with the vocabulary of the language and the properties of the vocabulary units as units of the language or often calls them language elements okay so what is a word when we say vocabulary is a word if you look at the description of the word uh as the definition of the entry of the word word in the dictionary you will see that word is given in the dictionary with nine meanings so when you when you say vocabulary is a set of words so which of the meaning do you mean i would ask okay of course word is a basic language unit because any sound can be turned can be made into a word like i u o b they are not letters not only sounds they are words as well a word can be used in the function of a whole sentence if i cry help just using one word everybody will jump up and come to me to to give me a help or if i shout in a loud voice fire so the whole university will run away from the building into the street so words can you can be even sentences okay a word can be used as a part of another word in word formation as a morpheme take the same word help you can come across the word helplessness helpful health bought helplessly helping help desk right and there they are not words anymore word help is not word anymore it is the root morpheme the basic building block of another or of new sentences and of course the word can be even a part of a set expression if you say i can't help laughing help doesn't mean that you help anybody right you cannot help yourself so and it is a set expression i can't help crying i can't help laughing etc etc or when you say help yourself it is already a set expression already help you you cannot say help him you cannot say when sitting at the table you always say help yourself please right it's an asset expression okay or help the lame dog over a tile there is a beautiful physiological expression to help a lame dog over a tile there is no dog in this expression there is no tile to help a lame dog over retire means to help a weak person to accomplish something some activity he wants to do okay a dog turns into a person it's a physiology okay good so you have all these expressions in your files and you can again look at them okay i i will skip some i'm sorry for using my finger to turn over the pages i will skip some units some slides to make uh my video a little bit shorter okay so here slide 12 shows you types of vocabulary units and here i stress again that vocabulary units are not only words vocabulary units include first of all words as the basic unit of the language and here uh in slide will 12 i give you some examples with six words dark play friend nation fish care then i give you uh the the same words in the function of root morphemes and i give you examples darkness playful unfriendly internationality or internationalized fishy careful carelessness etc then i give you some stable combinations with the same six words a dark horse which is an idiom to play the first fiddle which is an idiom a friend in need is a friend indeed which is a proverb okay to have other fish to fry and etc etc okay a dark horse is an idiom but it is not a horse we are talking about when we say oh you know this person is a dark horse this person is not a horse he is a person a human being but the physiological unit gives us the communicates the information that we don't know anything about the person okay he's sort of you know a close person to us we know nothing about him about his character about his way of life maybe he's a dark horse okay and this is physiology which is really a beautiful branch of lexicology okay so again i skip several uh several slides and go to slide 14 i want to because very very famous american and british linguists uh quoted about uh language here about the vocabulary here and wilkins says that while without grammar very little can be conveyed but without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed okay so you can certainly use ungrammatical sentence but if you use enough lexical units you will be quite understandable i don't to underestimate the role of grammar no no no in no case especially when you are learning people you are teachers you are translators or interpreters grammar is very important for you you can't teach english to other students if your grammar is late dr lewis says that lexis is the core or heart of language i agree with him and schmidt says that learners carry around dictionaries with them in their pockets or in their bags have you ever brought a grammar book to your classes no i'm sure not but dictionaries and pocket dictionaries exist for this we sometimes bring to our classes and you will have to use many dictionaries uh in the in this academic year because my seminar questions include a lot of tasks of vocabulary units analysis and many tasks demand will demand from you the use of different dictionaries etymological specialized etc etc okay well i think i moved already quite fast 17 slide 17 gives you the names of the methods of lexicological research and i will only name them without explanation uh it's the componential analysis first of all used for simsched logical analysis for semantic analysis for cognitive analysis for lingua cultural analysis you have to use componential analysis the ucic methods are used methods are used in morphology and in what formation distributional or contextual analysis you know in all branches of course to distinguish one meaning of the word from another with we have to do contextual analysis so and here to summarize what modern english toxicology is and works for slides 18 and 19 give you the whole list lexicology reviews the system structure and composition of the vocabulary studies differences between different types of vocabulary units explains reasons nature and results of meaning change presents semantic classification of the vocabulary describes various types of reformation and their relevance for the modern vocabulary enrichment explores explores different types of free and stable groups presents etymological analysis studies functional regional and territorial varieties and many more more tasks i wish you i am absolutely sure that you will enjoy studying the modern english vocabulary we will uh share many funny classes with you together hopefully this semester if not next semester and uh i am always ready for your questions you have my telephone contact my telephones you are always welcome to contact me on any issue connected with modern english lexicology thank you and bye