Lecture Notes: Seaweed Farming in Tamil Nadu

Introduction to Seaweed Farming

• Location: Sambai, south-east coast of India, Tamil Nadu
• Early Beginnings: Introduced in the mid-90s in Mandapam; technology licensed to PepsiCo in 2000 by the Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
• Growth: Became a mainstay, providing livelihoods to thousands

Seaweed Basics

• Definition: Fast-growing marine algae; harvested for food additives, fertilizers, animal feeds
• Uses: Carrageenan in food, cosmetic, pharma industries; essential marine habitat

Economic Impact and Livelihood

• Pioneering Efforts: Dr. K. Eswaran's contributions in developing economically viable technology
• Livelihood Shift: Over 1500 families in Tamil Nadu; reverse migration trends observed
• Income: Seaweed farming provides significant income

Seaweed Cultivation Methods

• Common Methods: Raft, monoline, tubular
• Regional Variations: Differing methods in Pudukottai, Thoothukudi, and Ramanathapuram
• Raft Method: Bamboo frames floated in the sea; 45-day growth cycle
• Women's Empowerment: Predominantly women-led; micro-entrepreneurship

Scientific Discoveries and Benefits

• Potassium Discovery: 99% pure potassium found; enhances agricultural productivity
• Carbon Sequestration: Effective method; absorbs 90% CO2; studies show significant carbon reduction per hectare

Challenges and Future Prospects

• Climate Change & Superfood Status: Renewed interest due to environmental benefits and nutritional value
• Mass Mortality Issue: Experienced in 2013; attributed to climate change and seed virginity loss
• Potential Solutions: Moving cultivation deeper; inspired by practices in the Philippines

Conclusion

• Future of Seaweed Farming: Potential for large-scale cultivation with research and policy support
• Goals and Aspirations: Farmers aim for better livelihoods and environmental benefits