Matter and Its Surroundings

Definition of Matter

• Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space.
  • Examples: Living things (plants, animals), Non-living things (furniture, rocks)

Examples of Non-Matter

• Light
• Sound
• Love
• Friendship
  • These do not have mass or occupy space.

Ancient Classification of Matter

• Classified into five elements (Panch Tatva):
  • Air (वायू)
  • Fire (अग्नि)
  • Earth (पृथ्वी)
  • Space (आकाश)
  • Water (जल)

Modern Classification of Matter

• Physical Classification: Based on physical properties
  • Example: Color, state (solid, liquid, gas)
• Chemical Classification: Based on chemical composition and properties
  • How substances react with others
  • Example: Artificial jewelry changes color due to reactions with water

Physical Properties of Matter

• Include attributes such as color, state, texture.
• Observable and measurable without changing the substance.

Chemical Properties of Matter

• Describe how a substance reacts with other substances.
• Include reactions that alter the chemical composition of the substance.

Conclusion

• Further exploration of physical and chemical properties in the next video.
• Stay tuned for more information on the topic.