so I know the last thing we covered was in 1807 but we're going to rewind a bit to cover the 1804 election and move from there back here in domestic politics the election of 1804 Jefferson ran for a second term and the Federalists were looking to take back power Jefferson went handily against Federalist Charles Pinckney who became the first presidential candidate to lose their home state he was from South Carolina more important than that result if I have a map of that yeah so you can see Pinckney loses huge huge victory for Jefferson here more important than this result is something else that happened during this campaign the Hamilton or sorry the Burr Hamilton duel which happened the 11th of July 1804. bird was at this point this is before the election happens Burr was still the vice president but he was not on the Democratic Republican ticket for 1804 for obvious reasons right the whole nearly taking the election uh committed some light treason just his General Bernice uh so while he wasn't running he was still vice president until the election and there were still issues and in fact Hamilton Alexander Hamilton and on the left and Burrs on the right started trading insults in the papers and this led to Burr challenging Hamilton to a duel now interestingly remember when Hamilton had challenged James Monroe to a duel with a whole Hamilton Reynolds Affair it was bird that had stopped that duel Burr and Hamilton were the very definition of Frenemies there's a lot of respect they were friendly at times but they were also unfriendly for a lot of that time so now Burr has challenged Hamilton to a duel the rules of dueling we're not what you have may seem depicted this was not like the wild west Quick Draw where it was all about speed they weren't standing in the middle of the street and drawing their guns and all of that this was about satisfying or defending one's honor and it was almost entirely done by Rich dudes basically the person who was challenged in this case Hamilton the second name bird challenge Hamilton chooses the weapon and they can choose anything there's a story we don't know how true it is uh I like to think it's true where one person who was challenged chose a Canon and their opponent thought it was a bluff until they showed up and the other the person they had challenged shows up with a cannon and obviously the Challenger conceded if you had to guess which state would this was in what would you guess Texas obviously at this time the point of a duel was not to kill but to show your quote unquote Honor by firing into the ground or the air near your opponent though that didn't stop people from trying to kill each individual was accompanied by what was called a second who tried to negotiate a piece before the duel and oversaw The Duel itself as a negotiator and Witness the way that this worked is that often one person fired then the other would fire and it could go on multiple rounds depending on a variety of factors so what happened here come on okay they crossed they're both from New York but they went over to New Jersey where the laws against uh dueling were much uh lighter this existed but they were much much uh simpler not as harsh now the accounts vary but the consensus is that Hamilton fired first and missed High then Burr fired second and shot Hamilton in the ribs and spine the bullet went through his ribs lodged in his spine did bird mean to kill before he fired or did he just react to Hamilton's shot near his head thinking maybe Burr maybe that that Hamilton had tried to shoot him in the head and tried to kill him we don't know Burr and his second fled Hamilton was moved to a physician in New York and he died the next day the significance of this is that Burr the sitting though outgoing vice president committed murder he was charged but that charge was dismissed before the trial the second Hamilton's death essentially Begins the end for the Federalist Party Hamilton's ideas were the basis of the party he was the party leader the party after his death will be disorganized they will lose influence over the next decade Plus this was pardon the expression the first nail in the coffin for the Federalist Party they continued to hold a majority in New England through the war of 1812. but after that conflict because of other things they'll do that we'll talk about they will basically Fall Apart so what we see in that period is that the Democratic Republicans conversely saw increasing control increasing majorities there will never be another Federalist president in fact only one person's even going to come kind of close so the second significance Hamilton's death essentially Begins the end of the Federalist Party so that's a hell of an election and a hell of a result then all the things we talked about which Jefferson's second term happened the Embargo Act the Chesapeake Affair other things we didn't mention so we're going to talk about the next election oh sorry I forgot I had a picture of younger Burr I don't know why I still have it or why I didn't flip to it whatever okay sorry older Burr election of 1808. Hey look it's Charles Pinckney again uh but instead of Jefferson it's now James Madison Jefferson declined to run again citing Washington's two terms as the standard Democratic Republicans nominated James Madison Secretary of State under Jefferson for the first term I think for the second term as well uh and he also won fairly handily over Charles Pinckney this was a big still a big big victory despite the hugely unpopular Embargo Act of 1807. okay that was incredibly unpopular most of the country hated it but that wasn't enough for the uh for for the Federalists to overcome uh or to help the Federalists really come close in this election so what this era what we see in this era it starts to come about is a new generation or the next generation of politicians and here's a close-up of James Madison to you know haunt you I'm sorry for those of you who like me have sleep paralysis and I've now given you a new sleep paralysis demon as the Federalists will decline through this era starting with Hamilton's death in 1804 the Democratic Republicans increasingly became the only party but they also began to fracture themselves over issues particularly during Madison's presidency namely the desire for war with Britain this coincided with the emergence of a new generation of politicians who had not fought in the revolution and were not involved in the politics of it they were too young or perhaps not even born yet they looked forward they wanted to grow the U.S as opposed to the older politicians who were looking backwards looking back at their accomplishments what they had done they were like most younger people looking forward whereas the older you get the more you start to look back or if you're like me I'm always looking back because that's literally my job these are the first generation of politicians from west of the Appalachians from places like Kentucky and Tennessee they were collectively called the warhawks because at first they were the loudest voices for war they demanded that Madison declare war on the British but they were initially treated like petulant children who were naive and knew nothing they were largely ignored this changed as the problems continued in time time passed and we'll discuss many of them naturally but there are two worth detailing now the first of which is Henry Clay Henry Clay who was only born in 1777 so was the year after the Declaration had no part in any of the Revolutionary politics in fact he he was part of politics National politics to some degree from 1806 until 1852 48 sorry 46 years he was from Kentucky he was the best politician of this age and he became known as the Great compromiser he served as a member of the House of Representatives three times he also three times was Speaker of the House the leader of the House of Representatives of the majority Party in the House of Representatives for he served was elected four times to be senator from Kentucky he was also was Secretary of State and if all this obviously in the future from where we're talking about him now he was nationalist in his policies and beliefs meaning he put the good of the nation above his home District his home state and himself he he wanted what was good for the most people and and believed that what was good for Mo for for the the largest number of people was good for all he sacrificed personal gain for National benefit he ran for president three times in 1824 1832 and 1844. now you've never heard of president Henry Clay because he lost all three of those and we'll discuss his specific ideas in the future but I want to point out he was in politics for 46 years that like you've seen those images of presidents before and after they take office right they always look much older you can see all the stress all of those things so here's a painting of young Henry Clay they're slightly older Henry Clay there is around the time of his retirement and our first photograph of a person in this class not the first one ever but the first for this class the first photograph of a person this is Henry Clay around 1850. politics is not nice there's young there's old huh just because he wasn't president he was served in politics a long time also you know a lot of other things factor into this diet lack of medicine all that stuff but it's not easy it's a stressful job clay had his faults he had his his issues um he was not a slave owner but his ideas towards slavery will as we'll eventually talk about were not exactly great um or a solution for it if you call it a solution so here's the first of the two the second is John C Calhoun born in 1782 dies in 1850 uh clay dies in 52 that's why that for both clay and Calhoun the LA their last year in politics is also the year they died uh Calhoun was involved in politics National politics from 1811 to 1850. so 39 years and he was from South Carolina he was for most of his career the most powerful Southern politician he served one term as a member of the House of Representatives two uh elections as Senator he was secretary of state Secretary of War and vice president for two different presidents he began as a nationalist like clay but he will evolve over time into a champion of both the South but also of slavery he became the leading defender of slavery and politics and his political arguments on the subject influenced all others and we will see this in the future he's also for the slavery if you have the slavery paper assignment he's the first excerpt excerpt these two clay and Calhoun will eventually become very bitter Rivals despite an early partnership during these early years he again also had a long career and also slave owner and champion of of slavery so here is Young John C Calhoun and over time he gets older he stresses out and he has more hate in his heart because of the whole slavery thing so there is around 1830s Calhoun there's another photograph uh hell of a chin beard here that's his beard down there which is weirdly the style of the time to have the clean face but then the the you know look like a werewolf's poking out at your popped collar slightly older even older last photograph once again woof look at all that kind of looks like a muppet even has the you know the stuff popping out there uh though that's more of an insult to sand and Ankle who I don't think is a verb slave I don't think any Muppets have ever won slaves that would be a hell of a thing wouldn't it anyway so this is the new generation we're going to talk about Calhoun and Clay a lot over these next uh several lectures I mean until not long before the Civil War going into unit 3. so that's the politics at the time where we're going to slip to next is the conflicts under Madison and eventually the war of 1812.