Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): Energy for involuntary activities in a resting condition (e.g., body temperature regulation, breathing, heart function). Represents ~70% of daily energy needs.
Physical Activity: Energy for skeletal muscle movement. Represents ~20% of daily energy needs. Varies with exercise intensity, duration, and individual weight.
Thermic Effect of Feeding (TEF): Energy for digesting and metabolizing food. Represents ~10% of daily energy needs.
Factors Influencing BMR
Increase BMR
Higher in males, taller individuals, children, and during pregnancy
Increased muscle mass
Fever or hyperthyroidism
Extreme environments (hot or cold)
Caffeine and smoking
Decrease BMR
Lower in females, shorter individuals, and older adults
Reduced muscle mass
Hypothyroidism
Fasting and malnutrition
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Definition
Measure of body fat based on height and weight.
Limitations: Doesn't account for ethnicity, race, muscle mass, weight distribution, or age.
Calculation
Formula: Weight (kg) / Height (m²)
Categories
≤ 18.4: Underweight
18.5 - 24.9: Healthy weight
25 - 29.9: Overweight
≥ 30: Obese
Quiz Questions
Energy required by involuntary activities of the body in a resting condition: Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Does a fever increase or decrease BMR?: Increase
How to calculate BMI?: Weight (kg) / Height (m²)
Weight status for BMI of 29: Overweight
Additional Information
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