Back to notes
What process creates gametes and how does it contribute to genetic variation?
Press to flip
Meiosis creates gametes (egg and sperm cells) and contributes to genetic variation through independent assortment, crossing over during prophase I, and random fertilization.
What negative factors can impact embryonic development?
Negative factors include alcohol and tobacco use.
What is the difference between primary and secondary succession in ecosystems?
Primary succession starts from barren environments without soil, while secondary succession occurs in areas where a disturbance has destroyed an existing community but left the soil intact.
Describe the role of hormones in the female reproductive cycle.
Hormones like estrogen, progesterone, and others regulate the changes in the uterus and ovaries to support pregnancy.
What distinguishes asexual reproduction from sexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction involves genes from one parent and produces identical offspring, whereas sexual reproduction combines half the genetic information from each parent, resulting in genetic variation.
What are some ways pathogens disrupt homeostasis, and how does the immune system respond?
Pathogens like viruses, bacteria, and fungi disrupt homeostasis. The immune system responds by producing antibodies, memory cells, and using vaccines to defend against these pathogens.
What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to fully break down glucose into CO2, H2O, and 36 ATP. Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen, is less efficient, and produces only 2 ATP.
How do different types of species interactions affect ecosystems?
Interactions like mutualism, parasitism, commensalism, and predator-prey dynamics shape the structure and function of ecosystems.
What is the role of the placenta during embryonic growth?
The placenta provides nutrients to the developing embryo via the umbilical cord.
What is fertilization and what does it produce?
Fertilization is the fusion of an egg and sperm cell to produce a diploid zygote.
How do the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration relate to each other?
The products of photosynthesis (glucose and O2) are the inputs for cellular respiration, and the products of cellular respiration (CO2 and H2O) are the inputs for photosynthesis.
What are the primary structures involved in the reproductive systems of males and females?
In females, the primary structures are the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus. In males, the testes and urethra are key.
How do human activities impact ecosystems and contribute to climate change?
Human activities such as introducing invasive species, pollution, resource depletion, and habitat loss contribute to ecosystem disruption and climate change through increased greenhouse gas emissions.
What causes ozone layer depletion and how is it different from global warming?
Ozone layer depletion is caused by CFCs leading to increased UV radiation, whereas global warming is caused by greenhouse gases from fossil fuel combustion, unrelated to ozone depletion.
Describe the role of ATP in cellular functions.
ATP is used for material transport, energy transformation, and waste elimination within cells.
How does cloning work, and give an example?
Cloning creates identical genetic copies of an organism. An example is the cloning of Dolly the sheep.
Describe the process of photosynthesis, including inputs and outputs.
Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, converting sunlight, CO2, and H2O into glucose and O2.
What are some mechanisms the body uses to maintain homeostasis?
Mechanisms include regulating heart rate, respiratory rate, sweating, and insulin release.
Previous
Next