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What surgical procedure might be necessary in severe cases of Ulcerative Colitis?
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Colectomy, or removal of the colon
What is the typical pattern of ulceration in Ulcerative Colitis?
Continuous and circumferential, starting from the rectum
What role does genetic predisposition play in Ulcerative Colitis?
It increases the likelihood of developing the disease, especially in certain demographics
Why is pain commonly felt in the left lower quadrant in patients with Ulcerative Colitis?
Due to continuous inflammation affecting the descending colon
What diagnostic tool involves a camera being inserted through the anus to view and biopsy ulcers?
Colonoscopy
What are the typical symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis?
Diarrhea and blood in stool due to mucosal destruction and impaired water absorption
What are the two main types of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?
Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease
What type of medications are used for more severe cases of Ulcerative Colitis?
Immunosuppressants and biologics
Where does Ulcerative Colitis primarily cause inflammation?
In the mucosa and submucosa of the large intestine (colon and rectum)
Which demographics are more prone to Ulcerative Colitis?
Young women, caucasians, and eastern European Jews
Which medical procedure uses a barium enema to help diagnose Ulcerative Colitis?
Radiological Imaging
Name three biologics used to treat Ulcerative Colitis.
Infliximab, adalimumab, and golimumab
What are the initial treatments for Ulcerative Colitis?
Anti-inflammatory drugs such as sulfasalazine and mesalamine
Why is Ulcerative Colitis considered an autoimmune disease?
Cytotoxic T cells are found in the epithelium of the colon, potentially reacting with gut bacteria
Name two radiological imaging techniques used to diagnose Ulcerative Colitis.
CT scan and MRI
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