Solution

Important Aspects of Solution

• A mixture of one or more solutes in a solvent is called a solution.
• Example: Mixing sugar in milk, mixing salt in water.
• The solvent is the component present in greater quantity.
• The solute is the component present in lesser quantity.

Properties of Solution

• They are homogeneous, meaning all particles are uniformly distributed.
• The main function of the solvent is to dissolve the solute.

Concentration

• The concentration of a solution can be expressed in terms of moles, grams, volume, etc.
• It is usually expressed as a percentage, such as 20% mole-volume.

Mass/Mass Percentage

• The mass of the solute multiplied by 100 and divided by the mass of the entire solution.

Vapor Pressure

• The pressure exerted by the vapors of a liquid at a specific temperature is called vapor pressure.
• It depends on the temperature.
• The vapor pressure decreases when the amount of solute in the solution increases.

Colligative Properties

• These are properties that depend solely on the number of solutes, not their nature.
• Examples: Vapor pressure, boiling point, freezing point.

Boiling Point Elevation

• The boiling point of a solution is always higher than that of a pure solvent.
• Elevation in boiling point depends on the amount of solute.

Osmotic Pressure

• The pressure applied to prevent the movement of solvent into the solution.
• Reverse osmosis is used to counteract osmosis.

Isotonic Solutions

• Solutions that have equal osmotic pressure.

In conclusion, this provides detailed information about the basics and applications of solutions. Understanding can be further improved with practice.