Welcome to our next lecture of international law this is the continuity of our lecture series and the next topic which we are going to unfold today is enforcement of international law first we will be discussing its outline then we will move on into further details of each headings so coming over to the outline of our today's topic our outline includes definition of introduction in which we will be discussing definition of enforcement of international law the importance of enforcing international law for maintaining peace and Security in International Community then the means of enforcing international law which are diplomatic action we will be covering the definition and example of diplomatic action their role in enforcing international law then we will move on towards International courts and tribunals in this we will also discuss definitions and example of international course entrepreneurs also the roles of international course and tribunals in enforcing international law then we will be moving towards collective security its definition and examples its role in enforcing international law then economic and bread sanctions its definition and example then the role of economic Android sanctions in enforcing international law then we'll be moving towards military force its definition and example then the limitation of using it military force to enforce international law and last mean which is international organization and non-stat actors their definition and examples also their role in enforcing international law at the end we will be concluding our topic now coming over to the introduction part first of all the definition of enforcement of international law enforcement of international law refers to the mechanism and actions taken to ensure that countries and other actors comply with their International legal obligations it involves the use of various methods such as diplomacy International courts economic sanctions military force and international organization to enforce international law enforcement of international law refer to the mechanism and processes used to ensure compliance with International legal norms and rules international law is enforced through a variety of means such as diplomatic action International courts and tribunals collective security economic and trade sanctions military force international organization and non-stack actors now coming over to the importance of enforcing international law for maintaining peace and Security in the International Community enforcing international law is essential for maintaining peace and Security in the International Community it helps to prevent conflicts and dispute between countries ensures respect for human rights and promote cooperation and collaboration between nations now coming over to our first mean of enforcing international law which is diplomatic action definition an example of diplomatic action diplomatic action involves using negotiation discussions and other forms of communication between countries to resolve dispute and conflicts examples of a diplomatic action includes peaceful mediation negotiation and arbitration diplomatic action is one of the most common way to enforce international law this can include diplomatic protests the mortgages and the use of good offices to resolve dispute between States now there are few samples such as negotiation and signing International treaty such as the Paris agreement on climate change diplomatic action involves negotiation and signing International treaties between Nation to promote cooperation and collaboration on global issues the Paris agreement on climate change is an example of diplomatic action taken by multiple Nation to combat climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions second is engaging in diplomatic talks and negotiation to resolve conflicts such as the Iran nuclear deal negotiations diplomatic action can also involve engaging in talks and negotiation to resolve conflicts and disagreements between nations the Iran nuclear deal negotiation were an example of diplomatic action taken by multiple Nation to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons now the third example is from Pakistan Pakistan's diplomatic action to address India's revocation of Jammu and kashmir's special status in 2019 India revolved the special status of Jammu and Kashmir a disputed region claimed by both India and Pakistan Pakistan immediately sought the intervention of the International Community and engaged in diplomatic action to raise the issue at various International forums including the United Nations Pakistan's diplomatic effort aimed to highlight India's violation of international law and the need for the International Community to intervene to resolve the dispute now coming over to the role of diplomatic action in enforcing international law diplomatic action plays a crucial role in enforcing international law it helps to prevent conflict from escalating into armed conflicts and can facilitate the peaceful resolution of disputes diplomatic action also allows countries to cooperate and work towards common goals promoting International Peace and security now coming over to the second mean which is international courts and tribunals definition and examples of International courts and tribunals international courts and tribunals are judicial bodies established to to adjudicate disputes between countries or other actors examples of International courts and tribunals include the international court of justice the international criminal court and the World Trade organizations now there are a few examples in which the first one is the international court of justice issuing a ruling on a maritime dispute between Chile and Peru International courts and tribunals such as International court of justice are established to settle dispute between nation in accordance with international law in this example the international court of justice resolved a maritime dispute between Chile and Peru in a peaceful and legal manner then the second example is the international criminal court investigating and Prosecuting war crimes in the conflict in Darfur Surah International courts and tribunals can also investigate and prosecute individual for crimes committed against international law international criminal court investigated and prosecuted individuals for war crimes committed during the conference click in therefore so down and the third example is from Pakistan specifically International court of justice ruling on television yadav case and its implications in 2019 the international court of justice ruled in favor of India in case brought against Pakistan concerning the treatment of an Indian national television yadav who was sentenced to death by Pakistani military court on charges of Espionage International court of justice found that Pakistan has violated the jadev's right under the winner convention on councilor relations and ordered Pakistan to provide him with counselor access and review his conviction now coming over to the role of international courts and tribunals in enforcing international law international courts and tribunals play a critical role in enforcing international law by providing a neutral forum for the resolution of disputes they help to ensure that countries and other actors comply with their International legal obligations by issuing legal binding judgments and decisions now coming over to another mean of enforcing international law which is collective security definition an example of collective security mechanisms the elective security mechanisms involve the cooperation of countries to prevent and respond to the threat of international space and security examples of collective security mechanism include the United Nations security Council the North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO and the regional security organizations now coming over the example which is the United Nations security Council authorizing the use of force to protect civilians in Libya in 2011. collective security involves the use of force by a group of nation to protect the security of one or more nations in this example the U.N security Council authorized the use of force to protect civilians in Libya from violence and conflict now coming over to the second example which is the Neto conducting air strikes against Yugoslavia to hold the conflict in Kosovo in 1999 NATO conducted airstrike against the Yugoslavia to prevent human rights abuses encosov and to bring an end to the conflict now third example which is pertinent to Pakistan Pakistan's participation in Shanghai Corporation organizations joint military exercise for regional security and cooperations Pakistan is a member of the Shanghai Corporation organization sco original organization that promotes security and economic cooperation among its member states in 2020 the SEO held a joint military exercise peace Mission 2020 which involved troops from Pakistan China Russia and other member states exercise aimed to enhance the collective security of the region and strengthen the capacity of member states to respond to threats to peace and security now coming over to the role of collective security in enforcing international law collective security plays a vital role in enforcing international law by providing a framework for countries to work together to prevent conflicts and respond to threats to International Peace and security collective security mechanism can also authorize the use of military force to enforce international law if necessary now the next is economic and trade sanctions coming over to the definition and examples of Economic and trade sanctions economic and rare sanctions involve the use of economic pressure such as trade restrictions and financial sanctions to influence the behavior of country or other actors now there are few examples such as the United States imposing economic sanctions on Russia in response to its annexation of Crimea economic and trade sanctions involve restricting economic activities and trade with a nation to encourage compliance with international law in this example the U.S imposed sanctions on Russia in response to its annexation of Crimea as a where to pressure Russia to respect Ukraine's sovereignty second example is the United Nations security Council imposing trade sanctions on Iraq in 1990 to compel it to comply with disarmament obligation the U.N security Council imposed Fair sanction on Iraq to compel it to comply with international law by disarming its weapon of mass destruction now the third example is from Pakistan which is Pakistan's response to fit of gray list for combating terrorism financing in 2018 Pakistan was placed on the financial action task force realist due to allegations of supporting terrorist groups as a result Pakistan faced restriction on its access to International financial markets and was under pressure to take measure Against The Crusade group operating within its territory now coming over to the role of Economic and trade sanction in enforcing international law economic and trade sanction can be an ineffective tool for enforcing international law by pressuring countries or other actors to comply with their International legal obligations they can also be used to debtor countries for engaging in activities that violate international law now coming over to military force which is one of the mean of enforcing international law definition and exam couple of use of military force to enforce international law the use of military force to enforce international law involves the use of military action such as peacekeeping missions or military intervention to enforce International legal obligations now coming over to different examples first of all the United States and its allies conducting air strikes against Isis in Iraq and Syria to degrade its military capabilities the use of military force involves use using military power to achieve a particular objective in this example the U.S and its allies used airstrike to degrade the military capability of Isis in Iraq and Syria the next is the United States leading a coalition to invade Iraq in 2003 to remove Saddam Hussein from Power the use of mutual force can also involve a full-scale military intervention as in the case of U.S led invasion of Iraq in 2003 which aimed to remove Saddam Hussein from power now the third example is from Pakistan in which Pakistan India conflict Pakistan use of military force in the distributed region of Kashmir Pakistan has Used military force to enforce international law in various conflicts including its ongoing conflict with India over the disputed region of Kashmir in February 2019 Pakistan shot down two Indian fighter jets that has crossed into Pakistani airspace leading to a brief military escalation between the two countries now coming over to the limitation of using military force to enforce international law while military force can be an effective tool for enforcing international law it also has significant limitations the use of military force can be costly both in terms of human life and economic resources it can also lead to unintended consequences such as civilian casualties and the destabilization of countries or regions therefore the use of military force to enforce international law should be a lost Resort and only used when all other mergers have been exhausted now coming over to the last mean of enforcing international law which is in National Organization and non-state actors definition an example of international organization and known State actors International Organization are intergovernmental bodies established to promote cooperation and collaboration between countries example of international organization include the United Nation the World Health Organization and the international monetary fund known State actors refer to entities that are not governments but still have a significant impact on International Affairs such as multinational corporation and non-governmental organization now coming over to few examples in which first one is the World Health Organization conducting a global response to the covid-19 pandemic International Organization such as the who play a critical role in coordinating and responding to Global Health emergencies during the covid-19 pandemic The Who coordinated a global response to the virus including providing technical guidance and support to countries second is the Human Rights Watch educating for the protecting of Rights of refugees and migrants at International level non-stat actors such as ngos can also play a crucial role in promoting the enforcement of international law particularly in the area of human rights for example Human Rights Watch is an international non-governmental organization that advocates for the protection of Human Rights around the world in the context of refugees and migrants Human Rights Watch has been actively advocating for the protection of their rights at International level now the third example is from Pakistan which is Pakistan's participation in U.N LED peacekeeping Mission and cooperation with International organizations Pakistan is a member of United Nation and has actively participated in various U.N LED peacekeeping missions including in Liberia and Democratic Republic of Congo Pakistan has also cooperated with International Organization such as International atomic energy agency to ensure the safe and peaceful use of nuclear technology now coming over to the role of international organization and non-state actors in enforcing international law international organization and non-state actors can play a crucial role in enforcing international law that can advocate for the implementation and enforcement of international legal obligations provide technical assistance to countries and monitor compliance with international law ngos can also engage in public awareness campaigns and legal advocacy to promote the enforcement of international law with this I come over to the conclusion part enforcement of international law is crucial for maintaining peace and Security in International Community various mechanisms are used to enforce international law including diplomatic action International Court entrepreneurs collective security economic and trade sanctions military force and the involvement of international organization and non-state actors diplomatic action play a significant role in enforcing international law by creating awareness about violation and Rising concern among the International Community International course and tribunals provide a platform for the peaceful settlement of disputes between states collective security mechanism help in preventing and resolving conflicts by involving International organizations and member states economic and trade sanction can also be imposed to enforce international law the use of military force however has limitation and should be used only in extreme cases the involvement of international organization and non-state actors can also contribute to the enforcement of international law overall the effective enforcement of international law is essential for maintaining peace and Security in the world now with this I come over to the end of my today's topic so you can subscribe and stay tuned if you have any query you can ask in comments thank you for watching this video on enforcing of international law and we hope this video has provided you with the valuable insight into the today's topic and we encourage you to continue learning more about the fascinating and complex topics thank you again for watching and we will see you in next