Flashcards for:
Understanding ATP and Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, converting glucose into pyruvate, and producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules.

Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase in the electron transport chain, halting ATP production and leading to cell death.

Plants both photosynthesize and respire, using light energy to produce glucose and then employing it during cellular respiration to generate ATP.

While both produce ATP, eukaryotic cells primarily use aerobic respiration, often involving mitochondria, whereas prokaryotic cells may use other methods such as fermentation.

Pyruvate is transported into mitochondria, oxidized to acetyl CoA, releasing carbon dioxide and producing 2 NADH molecules.

Located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, the ETC transfers electrons to create a proton gradient and facilitate ATP production.

The proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives protons through ATP synthase, facilitating ATP synthesis from ADP.

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor at the end of the ETC, combining with electrons and protons to form water.

ATP synthase uses the proton gradient to convert ADP into ATP as protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix, a process called chemiosmosis.

ATP acts as the energy currency for cells, providing the energy needed for various cellular activities.

As electrons pass through the electron transport chain, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, creating a gradient.

The main products are 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, along with the release of carbon dioxide.

Mitochondria are the site where the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain occur, which are critical steps in producing ATP aerobically.

Aerobic respiration yields significantly more ATP (30-38 ATP) compared to fermentation, which is far less efficient.

Variations may arise from the cell's efficiency in transporting NADH from glycolysis, the use of different transport ions, and micro-environmental factors.