good day everyone i am kathleen clarabad but you can call me kathmalan for short so for today we will be discussing the introduction to child and adolescent development so let's start first what is child development so these are the biological psychological and emotional changes that occur between birth and end of adolescence as the individual progresses from a state of dependency to increasing autonomy but as we grow older as we mature we soon learn to do things on our own so in turn nagging independent tayo slowly but surely also child development is a continuous process with a predictable sequence but has a unique course for every child so ebik sabihin hindi sha pavepa reho sabawatbata it does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by a preceding type of development so okay so interest in the child development field began in the 20th century so it started with abnormal behaviors that do not conform to standard behavior thought and expected by the society from children so no men observe silence different babies different children [Applause] field of child development so eventually the focus of research especially in the field of education aina punta development of children as well as the factors that have influence on development so this was done in order to transform the classroom and the learning process from teacher centered to learner or student centered before casino teacher centered pa ibik sabihen si teacher lang and source of for now that we are moving to a student-centered learning process or learner-centered antenatal and students in they are active participants in the learning process and they also share information with the teacher and with their peers okay so we have four concepts of child development we have the child adolescent growth and development so isa is so that we can understand better child adolescent growth and development all right so first we have the child so this is defined as a young person below the age of puberty and legal maturity also according to the united nations convention on the rights of a child this is a person below the age of 18 unless laws of a particular country set the legal age for adulthood younger so halimbawa aditosa pilipinas once you turn 18. same in the u.s ganonden 18 then young kanelang age of legal maturity however childhood is the period between birth and adolescence between birth and adolescence so next we have adolescent or teenager nangaling ito salatin word adolescere which means to grow into maturity so adolescent is a person that is developing or turning into the age of maturity so an adolescent is the period between childhood and adulthood so you are no longer a child but you are not yet an adult okay next we have growth so this is the progressive increase and continuous advancement of child from birth to maturity it is also characterized by increment in body tissues organs and structures physical changes that our bodies undergo during puberty yeah it should not be confused with maturation which is part of development that is controlled from within the internal growth also maturation consists chiefly of structural changes and development of mental functions which is indicated by a state of readiness to engage in a definite type of behavior or that growth has reached its optimal level all right and last we have development this is the gradual and orderly unfolding of characteristics of individuals as they go through successive stages of growth it also implies increasingly progressive maturity of behavior and organization of personality and character so noun alumna on four concepts of child development let's go now samismong topic nathan which is child and adolescent growth and development so anub this is the study of physical physiological cognitive and social changes as well as the factors that influence these changes that children experience and go through from birth to adulthood it also studies learn ethnic to change over time children so understanding of child development is essential because it allows us to fully appreciate the cognitive emotional physical social and educational growth that children go through so it appoints every time all right important so now we move on to the theories of human development so anuba yo manga theories naito these provide a framework for thinking about human growth development and learning and it also deals with change over time kumbhaga sabhinganathan human development is a complex process hindi yanyong these theories enable us to have a better and more accurate understanding nature at conditions human development so this are also usually concerned with changes over time within an area or several areas as well as the changes among areas of development and explanation for these changes so miranda young 13 the theories that will be discussed okay so i saying langnaten for now first marantayang maturation is perspective second is the psychodynamic perspective third is the constructivist perspective fourth cognitive developmental perspective fifth behaviorist or environmentalist theories sixth evolutionary perspective seventh information processing perspective eight socio-cultural perspectives knight developmental or ecological system perspectives tenth lifespan perspectives eleventh humanist perspective 12th ethological theory perspective and last is the multiple intelligences theory so madame maturitionist perspective so this is also known as the maturational theory which was developed by arnold dressel in 1925 so sabina development is a biological process that occurs automatically in predictable sequential stages over time so from a maturationist perspective go in to improve ourselves our minds and bodies develop automatically as we age so for them age is equal to maturity yeah okay this is based on three assumptions first development has biological basis paksinabinating biological basis a child's development is dahil sakagigawa nang jeans name next good and bad years alternate cumberga it's part of the natural sequence of development nahalin heenan and good and bad ears diba for parents marantayan mahatma taught so based on maturation is perspective this is part of the process naturally and last we have body types are correlated with personality development [Music] if your body type is like this then malamang personality something like that okay so next we move on to psychodynamic perspective or what is also known as the object relations theory this was developed by sigmund freud in the late eighteen eighties and zenesa benedito it is concerned with how people understand and represent their relationships with other people object relations theory object representations of people how are they remembered by certain people okay also mern taiyong term details a psychodynamic perspective which is the transference this means that people's early relationships often set the tone that later relationships will take sokohalimbawa encounter and so on your past experience may lead you to become distrustful of the people who would want to pursue a relationship with you later in life there is a very high chance that hindi ka namadaling magtiwala and you are very much worried of their intentions ayo third is the constructivist or integrationist perspective this was advanced by the following theorists [Music] maria jean-pian and lev vygotsky so sabinella learning and development occur when young people interact with the environment and the people around them kumbhagama when we let them become active participants in the learning process meaning the learners initiate most activities particular knowledge or skill fourth we have the cognitive developmental perspective so it is important to note children play an active role in gaining knowledge of the world kinnoy young children as little scientists can say they actively construct their knowledge and understanding of their world so that is according to him miranda shang didn't develop or pronopose the four distinct stages of intellectual development so we have the sensory motor stage which spans from birth to two years old next is the operational stage from two to seven years old namanito and is we have the concrete operational stage from seven to eleven years old and last we have the formal operation stage from adolescence to adulthood the man fifth we have the behaviorist or environmentalist theories this was based upon the theories of the following john watson ivan pavlov and b.f skinner it focuses on how environmental interaction influences behavior perro dapat that it only deals with observable behaviors it does not give considerations among internal thoughts and feelings so union pink from other child development theories sixth we have the evolutionary perspective so this is an application of basic principles of darwinian evolution particularly natural selection to explain contemporary development it theorizes that child's behavior and personality may be reflected by the basic will to survive and be reproductive seventh is the information processing perspectives this emerged in 1950s and in equate the nilayon brain to a neural computer that processes info with extraordinary efficiency and excellent performance in problem solving and critical thinking through a process increasingly enhanced over time so brain is equal to neural computer for ip theorist or information processing theorist this was based on the idea that humans process info that they receive rather than merely responding to stimuli up in a process not in your info that we receive hindi lang taya bastari okay also for ip perspective according to ip perspective human learning is a development of networked memory structures eighth is the social cultural perspectives which was developed by lev vygotsky so according to him every function in a child's cultural development appears twice una is a social level so this is between people orientating inter-psychological second is the individual level which is don or inside the child or saluo this is known as intra-psychological man we also have a term that we use in social cultural perspectives which is the zone of proximal development kasemarantayong actual development level at marin tayong level of potential development ibizabihen it includes all knowledge and skills that a person cannot yet understand or perform on their own but is capable of learning with guidance your actual development level child okay young level of potential development [Music] [Music] we have the developmental or ecological system perspectives this was developed by yuri bronfenbrenner in sabina a person's development is affected by everything in their surrounding environment so manchang linnist the five levels of a person's environment we have the microsystem mesosystem exosystem macro system and ground system so don't worry so first is the microsystem immediate environment these are the institutions and groups that most immediately and directly impact a child's development and learning in his or her daily life example family peers school religious institutions and young neighborhood next is the mesosystem these are the interconnections or relationships between microsystem halimbawa interaction between family and teacher or peers and family relations next we have the exosystem this involves links between a social setting in which the individual does not have an active role and the individual's immediate context young parents promotion this depends upon the family dynamic first and foremost a parent's relationship with each other is metro on rocky ground this may result in increased conflict with the other parent and possibly change patterns of interaction with the child so it is also important to note that exosystem is also known as indirect environment fourth we have the macro system it describes culture in which individuals live and this evolves over time because each successive generation culture over time culture really develops so when we say cultural context kasama young child young parents young school young workplaces and parents all these are part of cultural context it also includes developing and industrialized countries socioeconomic status poverty and ethnicity and last but not least we have the chrono system these are the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course as well as social historical circumstances so halimba of transitions divorce okay a year but after two years conflict within the family and slowly nice stabilized relationship nila with each other for example naman social historical circumstances is your higher career opportunities for women which had increased during the last 30 years tenth is the lifespan perspective this was proposed naman by paul baltes sabinya development begins at conception and continues until death basically he or she continues to develop in all aspects of his humanity habamboy shanadu at nago grow into his or her own potential all right and eleventh we have the humanist perspective this was developed by carl rogers and abraham maslow so sabinella or sinasa that self-actualization is the primary goal in life so aniba it on self-actualization this is a state of self-fulfillment in which people achieve their highest potential in their own unique way in life self-actualization reached fulfilled purpose in life so it's like that also according to this approach each individual has the ability and motivation to reach more advanced levels of maturity and that people naturally seek to reach their own full potential so this perspective emphasizes the concept of free will standards all right twelfth is the ethological theory perspectives it tone man i de development conrad lawrence and it stresses that behavior is strongly influenced by biology is tied to evolution and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods so anubiating critical or sensitive period centenatawag this means that the presence or absence of certain experiences has a long lasting or pangmatagalang influence is an individual also under ethological theory perspectives imprinting okay this is the rapid innate learning that involves attachment to the first moving object that is seen once they open their eyes they see this person attachment to that person and last but not the least we have the multiple intelligences theory so this was developed by hogwart gardner this contradicts the idea nang intelligence can only be measured using iq oreo intelligence quotient intelligence so these are verbal linguistic logical mathematical spatial visual bodily kinesthetic musical interpersonal interpersonal naturalist and existential so when we say verbal linguistics well-developed and verbal skills and sensitivity to sounds meanings and rhythms of words now when we say logical mathematical eternal ability to think conceptually and abstractly also mere density lung capacity to discern logical and numerical patterns [Applause] and numbers next is the spatial visual these have the capacity to think in images and pictures and next is the bodily kinesthetic this is the ability to control swan's body movements and to handle objects skillfully and next is the musical this is the ability to produce and appreciate rhythm pitch and timber he likes music instruments sixth is interpersonal these people have the capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods motivations and desires of others next we have intra personas inter personal with other people with other people next man interpersonal it you is self-aware and in tune with inner feelings values beliefs and thinking processes it is the naturalist this is the ability to recognize and categorize plants animals and other objects in nature and lastly we have the existential italian my sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence so halimbawanito questions nato i what is the meaning of life okay why do we die and how did we get here all right so parang ini is and that ends our introduction to child and adolescent development so thank you very much for listening and i hope that you learned a lot from this lesson i'll see you in our next module thank [Music] you you