The French and Indian War and its Aftermath

The Treaty of Paris (1763)

• Concluded the 7 Years War between Britain and France.
• King George III ruled more global territory than the Roman Empire.

The Royal Proclamation of 1763

• Established a boundary reserving lands west of the Appalachians for Native Americans.
• Conflicted with settlers moving into Ohio Country.

Migration and Settlement

• British and European immigrants moved into North America’s interior in the 1760s.
• Fueled by letters from those involved in the French and Indian War.

Tensions Over Land and Debt

• Colonists expected access to the interior after the French and Indian War.
• British national debt doubled; Parliament taxed American colonists to recover costs (e.g., the Stamp Act).
• Violent colonial reactions to taxation, including riots and effigies of tax officials.

Colonial Frustrations

• Originated during the French and Indian War.
• William Pitt’s respectful treatment had previously encouraged colonial cooperation.
• The imposition of taxes without consent felt as betrayal.

George Washington's Role

• Washington’s interest in land speculation was hindered by the proclamation.
• Visited Ohio Country in 1770 to survey land claims.
• Encountered Seneca Chief, Guta, with whom he had previously traveled.

Rising Tensions

• Boston Massacre (1770) and Tea Party (1773) escalated conflicts.
• British response was harsh, increasing colonial resentment.
• Moderates like Washington grew disturbed; colonial rights became a central issue.

Path to Revolution

• First Continental Congress (1774) sought to resist British actions.
• Second Continental Congress (1775) organized for war.

George Washington's Leadership

• Elected as commander of the Continental forces.
• Transitioned from aspiring British gentleman to colonial leader.

Declaration of Independence

• Formalized the break from Britain.
• Highlighted colonial grievances and desire for self-governance.

Impact on Native American Relations

• Guta and Indians faced challenges preserving their land and autonomy.
• The French and Indian War altered power dynamics, disadvantaging Native Americans.

The Aftermath and Irony

• France’s loss paved the way for American independence.
• British policies inadvertently fueled colonial passions leading to revolution.
• Deprived Native Americans of strategic alliances.

Conclusion

• The war made America by transforming territorial dynamics and political relationships.