Lecture on Biomolecules

Introduction

• All life is made up of 4 major biomolecules.
• Biomolecules include large molecules essential for life.
• Monomer: A building block of larger substances.
  • Important to understand biomolecules.

Carbohydrates

• Commonly related to diets (low carb, high carb).
• Examples include pasta and breads.
• Functions:
  • Fast source of energy.
  • Consumed frequently before marathons ("pasta loading").
• Monomers: Monosaccharides.

Lipids

• Also known as fats.
• Examples include butter, oil, cholesterol.
• Building Blocks:
  • Fatty acids.
  • Glycerol.
• Functions:
  • Insulation (e.g., blubber in seals).
  • Long-term energy storage.
  • Important for cell membranes.

Proteins

• Associated with muscle building (e.g., protein bars).
• Examples include meats and beans.
• Monomers: Amino acids.
• Functions:
  • Muscle development.
  • Immune system function.
  • Enzymes.
  • DNA codes for proteins.

Nucleic Acids

• Include DNA and RNA.
• Monomers: Nucleotides.
• Functions:
  • Genetic information coding traits.
  • Found in all living cells (e.g., strawberries).

Structure of Biomolecules

• The structure affects properties and identification.
• Mnemonic Device: CHO, CHO, CHON, CHONP.
  • C: Carbon
  • H: Hydrogen
  • O: Oxygen
  • N: Nitrogen (proteins and nucleic acids)
  • P: Phosphorus (nucleic acids)
• Importance of exploring element arrangement for function.

Conclusion

• Understanding biomolecules is essential for life study.
• Stay curious and explore biomolecule arrangements.