the next group of microbes that I'd like to discuss with you are the eukaryotes eukaryotes of course are cells with nuclei and we're made of eukaryotes as as you are as well and there are several different kinds of eukaryotes that I'd like to discuss they're all microbes and the first is the fungi many of you are probably familiar with fungi as the mold that grows on your bread or perhaps on your fruit and they're really two kinds of fungi the first type is what we call filamentous fungus and that's shown here these are organisms made up of long strands called my Celia and these strands are made up of smaller parts called hyphy and again this is the fungus that you might find on your moldy bread or your moldy fruit the other kind of fungus that we know of exists as single cells and these are the yeasts and on the left you can see a diagram of the single cell yeast and on the right is a photograph of them a very famous yeast is called Saccharomyces cerevisiae or baker's yeast so again these are unicellular fungi as opposed to the filamentous fungi that we just talked about mushrooms are also fungi now these are not microbes of course because you can see them with the naked eye but mushrooms are really just made up of a lot of my Celia a lot of those filamentous fungal particles put together to form a mushroom and these mushrooms actually have a way of growing that's quite unusual the mycelium grows under the ground and the mushroom sprouts from above the ground now fungi are what we call heterotrophs they have to acquire their nutrition from outside sources they can't make any of their nutrients and so fungi often grow in nature and soil or on rotting plants and the mycelium grows and absorbs nutrients and the micing and grows bigger and bigger and on the surface the only thing that you can see are the mushrooms sprouting up these are actually the reproductive forms of the fungus now the fungal cell wall is quite different from the cell wall that's in plants or bacteria or even in us there is a cell membrane as you can see here which is a typical lipid bilayer but above the cell membrane is a layer of chitin chitin which is shown on the left of the slide is a polymer of sugars and in particular can end acetyl glucosamine above the chitin is a layer of sugars called beta glucans and on the very top of the cell wall is another glycoprotein which consists of mostly mannose linked to protein so these are very different cell walls from the other organisms on Earth you just completed your first video of the world's best medical exam preparation lectio brings the knowledge of worldwide leading medical experts and Teaching Award winners to your pc tablet or smartphone prepare yourself and check your progress with thousands of quiz questions customized to USMLE standards and the very best you can get in touch with our medical experts personally visit lect Oreo comm now and continue with the most inspiring medical education around the globe anytime anywhere you