The Menstrual Cycle

Introduction

• Girls enter puberty around age 9 to 13 and have their first period.
• Hormone levels fluctuate, affecting body, brain, and behavior—this is known as the menstrual cycle.

Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

1. Menstruation: Shedding of the uterus lining, resulting in bleeding and cramps.
2. Follicular Phase:
   • Estrogen increases.
   • Uterus lining thickens, follicles mature.
   • End marked by changes in vaginal discharge.
   • Physical and emotional peak.
3. Ovulation:
   • Egg released, travels to the uterus.
   • Fertile window (~5 days).
   • Heightened senses and increased interest in appearance and boys.
4. Luteal Phase:
   • Slight increase in body temperature.
   • Symptoms: sensitive/swollen breasts, joint pain, possible PMS.
   • If no pregnancy, leads to menstruation.

Cycle Duration

• Average: 28 days.
• Range: 22 to 35 days.
• Regular or irregular cycles.

Symptoms and Experiences

• Menstruation: Exhaustion, lack of concentration, no motivation, cramps.
• Variability among women: Discomfort varies from mild to severe.
• Endometriosis:
  • Tissue grows outside uterus.
  • Symptoms: severe pain during periods, intercourse, bowel movements.
  • Can lead to infertility.

Discussion

• Influences on life: Personal experiences and impacts on daily activities.
• Societal support: Addressing pain and fatigue in women and girls.

Conclusion

• Every woman’s menstrual cycle is unique.
• Importance of societal understanding and support.

Questions for Reflection

• How does the menstrual cycle influence your life or the life of your partner/friend?
• How can society support women and girls experiencing pain and fatigue?