Hello friends, this is Mansi. So today in this session, we are starting medical use of microorganisms. So if you remember, if you have seen the last session, so we have discussed about the commercial use of microorganisms. Now we will talk about its medical uses.
So the most important thing is antibiotics. So antibiotics basically it is a kind of medicine. Now these medicines help our body to recover.
And from whom are they made? Again they are made from Bacterias only So we saw that some bacteria are friendly bacteria It is not necessary that every bacteria will harm you So these are the medicines that are used to treat infections caused by other bacteria and certain parasites So antibiotics are used to treat infections caused by bacteria and parasites Okay Now Next is antibiotics are produced by the help of other bacteria. Again, as I told you, antibiotics are also produced by other bacteria.
Also, this is very common when we have any allergy or cold. So, first of all, doctors suggest antibiotics. Okay. Now, let's talk about some of their examples. Some of them are basically the names of medicines.
You must have heard some of them. But you have to see their spellings and pronunciation. So, first one we have is Tretracycline, then streptomycin, then we have penicillin, then erythromycin.
So these are all the antibiotics. Now apart from this, there can be many more but if you remember these 2-3 also then that is more than enough. So next let's talk about increasing soil fertility.
Now when we talk about microorganisms here then they also help in increasing soil fertility. How? Let's see. Bacteria and blue-green algae are...
Able to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere Now this blue green algae and bacteria What they do? They help to fix nitrogen Whatever is the nitrogen of the atmosphere Because you know that soil and plants need nitrogen So to balance it out This bacteria and blue green algae help Then enrich the soil with nitrogen And increase its fertility Now nitrogen in soil So, they enrich nitrogen in the soil and they increase its fertility. Now, the more fertile the soil is, the better the growth you will have. Because soil fertility is equal to plant growth.
Then, these microbes are called as biological nitrogen. Now, these microbes which help to improve soil fertility or to balance out nitrogen level atmosphere, we call them biological nitrogen fixers. Okay, moving to the next one. Cleaning the environment. Also, these microorganisms help to clean the environment.
Microorganism converts dead and decaying part of plants and animals into many-orbs. This we have read in the previous chapter. That all the dead and decaying plants or animal waste, then microorganisms convert them into many-orbs.
So, according to this, what are they doing? They are also cleaning the environment. It decomposes organic waste into simple substance.
Whatever organic waste is, they also convert it into simple substance. It degrades the harmful substances and clean up the environment. And degrades the harmful substances.
Means to degrade means that they are not that harmful. Okay. Next we have harmful microorganisms.
So till now we were studying friendly microorganisms. We saw what are used. Where microorganisms are useful for us.
But now we are going to talk about harmful. microorganisms. That the microorganisms which are harmful and not good for us.
So, some microorganisms are harmful in many ways. In human beings, plants and animals, some of the microorganisms cause diseases. So, some microorganisms are such that in humans, in plants, in animals, they cause diseases. Such diseases causing Such diseases causing pythogens So what do we call them? Pythogens Then there is food, clothing and leather are spoiled due to some harmful microorganism Now some harmful microorganisms like food, clothing, leather If you have ever noticed or if you have ever had such an incident Especially leather jackets etc If you keep it packed for a long time then after some time They start getting damaged.
How do they get damaged? Because of the microorganisms. So they are small, they are not visible to the naked eye, but they damage your clothing.
And we know about food. If you keep food outside for a day or two, it is not worth eating. It is not saved, it gets damaged. Why does it get damaged? Again, because of these microorganisms.
Okay, next. Disease causing microorganisms in human Now we will talk about those microorganisms which cause diseases in human So we have read this word, pythogens are present everywhere Now this is one such thing which is present everywhere Transfer to our body through air, water and food Now see how many basic things are there through which it is transferring Air, now we cannot stop breathing Then water which we regularly intake Food So, it gets transferred with these basic things as well. And by direct contact with infected body.
If there is an already body which is infected. Like there is a person whose health is not good. If we stay in connection with that also.
Then that also gets passed on to us. Or gets transferred. Okay. Now see. There are some insects and animals which act as carrier of disease causing microbes.
Now they are saying there are some insects and animals which. They work like carriers. Means they transfer diseases.
Which are they? When you see the name, you must have heard of it. First is malaria. Second is dengue.
So, these two are very common. You must have heard of it. Malaria and dengue are very common things. Both are caused by mosquitoes. So, caused by the female enochil.
Now, this one and here it will come. So, these two are type of mosquitoes. So, so.
Female anopheles and mosquitoes act as the carrier of malaria You can see in the images Basically, if you see in this GIF As soon as they hole inside Then all the blue parts get transferred It's not like they hole in your whole body They stick us like a pin and transfer from there You can see the same thing here It has been told that what can happen with a simple mosquito bite So you can see that the transfer is going inside our body And that is done just in seconds So coming back here, we have seen malaria and dengue Both are from female mosquitoes, they are of different types So female mosquito act as carrier of dengue virus Next Diseases that are transferred from unhealthy or infected person to healthy person are called Communicable diseases Now see, all diseases are not like that if someone has a disease and you go to him then you will also get it But there are some common things like cough, cold These are the common things You must have seen at home that if one person has a cold then one or two people get it at times Because this disease is communicable Means pass on from one to another But all diseases are not like this So now next we have food poisoning Now this topic we are going to take in our next session So let's get to the next session Hello everyone, welcome to the new session So now in this session we are going to start with food poisoning So what is food poisoning? It is a very common thing Many people have a stomach infection Which happens due to eating dirty food It occurs due to contaminated food products Now what is contaminated? Contaminated basically means A food product which has some dirty thing Which is harmful for our body That means contaminated Then microorganisms that grow on food products Sometime produce toxic elements Now such microorganisms which grow on food Like we saw We talked about fungi So what happens?
They grow on food So what do we do? So there are many microorganisms which grow on food but some of them are also such that produces toxic elements Serious illness or even death may cause due to food poisoning Now food poisoning can cause serious illness and in the worst case it can also cause death Now moving to the next one So some common human diseases caused by microorganisms So here we will talk about some diseases which are caused by microorganisms Then we will talk about who causes them, bacteria or virus Then what is its mode of transmission and how it is prevented So here I have prepared a full table for you First of all if we talk about disease, so we have Ubercrosses Correct. Now what causes it?
It is caused by a bacteria. Then what is the mode of transmission of it? Air.
So it passes through air. This measure is common for everyone. So we will read it in the end. Then there are measles and it is a kind of virus.
Again it is caused by air. Then chickenpox. This is a very common disease. It is a virus again. And it is caused by air and also by contact.
Correct. Chickenpox is only once in life but if you come in contact with someone who has chickenpox then there are chances that you will also get chickenpox in that time period So it is transmitted by contact Then next is the disease of polio which is again caused by a virus and its mode of disease is air and water Now if we talk about these four diseases then what can be done to prevent them? Keep the patient in complete isolation Keep the personal belongings of the patient away from others Keep it separate and that person should be in isolation That means in a room where not many people come They should stay in that room Okay Next is again If we talk about we have Flora which is again caused by bacteria And how it transmits through food and water Next is Typhoid again bacteria and again through water Then there is hepatitis B which is again a virus and it can transmit through water. Now if we talk about these two, maintain personal hygiene and good sanitary habits, consume proper cooked food.
So what precautions can be taken in this? First of all, proper cooking, should be taken, should not take raw food at that time. And also the personal hygiene or sanitary habits should be kept good.
And if we talk about this, So what can we do? One should drink boiled drinking water. Okay. So I think this is the... No, we have the last.
So which is malaria. Again a common one. And till now we have seen the causes of it. Either bacteria or virus. But when we talk about malaria, so which microorganism does it come from?
Through protozoa. And again its mode of transport, we had already copied the whole topic. It is mosquito.
And its prevention is use mosquito net. and repellent spray, insect repellent spray this is a common thing in a mosquito safe house you can use net, spray and control breeding of mosquitoes by not allowing water to collect in surroundings so if water is collected in surroundings then mosquitoes will come there so we should try that water is not collected for 4-5 days So with this our topic is complete. Now we will get to the new topic in the next session.