Lecture on Psychological Attributes
Points to Note
- Listen carefully to each term and remember. Use all major terms in the answers.
Main Topics
-
Individual Differences
- Everyone is different in their physical and psychological characteristics.
- Primary types: Physical attributes, mental attributes, patterns of behavior.
-
Situational Factors
- Behavior depends on the situation. As the situation changes, behavior also changes.
- Example: Conduct at home and in the office.
-
Assessment of Psychological Attributes
- Psychological attributes: Intelligence, aptitude, personality, interests, values.
- Formal assessment: by standardized and objective methods.
Use of Psychological Testing
- Interview: To extract information.
- Case Study: Detailed study of one subject.
- Observation: Scientific observation.
- Self-report: Factual information.
Intelligence
- Various qualities of the mind.
- Multi-dimensional: not confined to one area.
- Intelligence to perform tasks.
- Aptitude, personality, and values.
Definitions of Intelligence
- Definitions by Bachelor, Oxford Dictionary.
Two Approaches of Intelligence
- Psychometric and Information Processing.
- Nature and nurture: The role of intelligence.
Testing Theories
- IQ and mental age.
- Normal curve: Population intelligence distribution.
- Intellectual deficiency and giftedness.
Intelligence Tests
- Individual/group test.
- Verbal/non-verbal test.
- Formal/informal assessment.
- Cultural bias test.
Role of Culture
- Culture affects intelligence.
Emotional Intelligence
- Understanding and monitoring one's own and others' emotions.
- This intelligence is more important in life.
Creativity
- Ability to produce something new and unique.
- No direct relation to intelligence.
Major Theories
- Multiple Intelligences Theory: 8 types of intelligence.
- Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory: Three types of intelligence.
- PASS Model: Planning, attention, simultaneous successive processing.
Note: For more information, see the detailed video of the chapter.