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Why is it important to take mucosal protectants on an empty stomach?
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It ensures their effectiveness in coating and protecting ulcers from hydrochloric acid.
What is the definition of a gastrointestinal ulcer?
Erosion of the GI tract lining, causing pain and potential bleeding.
List the three common types of antacids.
Calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide.
What side effects might be associated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
Hypomagnesemia and an increased risk for GI bleeding.
How do NSAIDs contribute to the development of ulcers?
NSAIDs can decrease the protective stomach layers by blocking cyclooxygenase enzymes.
What dietary suggestion is recommended for patients on PPIs to prevent a common side effect?
A high fiber diet is recommended to prevent constipation.
Describe the mechanism of action for H2 receptor antagonists.
They block histamine receptors in the GI tract, reducing hydrochloric acid production.
What are some uses for proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
Long-term treatment for GERD and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
What are potential side effects of chronic antacid use?
Chronic use can lead to metabolic alkalosis and electrolyte imbalances.
What should be monitored to assess the effectiveness of ulcer treatment?
Symptom improvement such as reduced pain, and avoiding negative developments like increased pain, nausea, vomiting, and signs of bleeding.
How do mucosal protectants work in treating ulcers?
They coat and protect existing ulcers from hydrochloric acid.
Identify two conditions that can lead to GI ulcers.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD).
What should be considered when using H2 receptor antagonists in patients?
Monitor liver and kidney function and watch for drug interactions.
What are the typical pH levels in the stomach?
The pH of the stomach drops to 1.5-4.0 due to hydrochloric acid for digestion.
Explain the role of patient education in the treatment of ulcers.
Patient education focuses on compliance with medication timing and intake, and consideration of non-pharmacological remedies.
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