if you were to draw a just like a just a sketchy little uh scapula that you just barely had time to draw because you're not a good artist i'm not an artist you might do something like you might do something like this uh pretty much that right and then i could actually a b c [Music] d e and f did you answer all those chrissy yes i don't know if i'm that abstract of a thinker yeah that's magnet sorry so if this is the spine what do you call this area in this area b would be the super spinous fossa a would be the infraspinous fossa right and then what would f be the medial porter oh no that's the uh is that the annoyed cavity right and what kind of view is this posterior left left okay that means that this thing that's coming here seems to be now this gets a little bit abstract but it seems to be going like that it might seem like it's not coming in the same direction so this might be pointing out towards the front what's that thing that's pointing out towards the front on the scapula is it the core chord closure that's right uh what about you don't bone that in radius right tibia no oh yeah i mean i'm not even pressing it that's not good i'm much better on a blackboard person these are the things of this phone that will tell you if it's right or left and and if it's anterior posterior who can answer this this is an anterior view because you can see the patella on the front or not the patella i mean the uh um cute yeah it's a medium-sized bump it's not a trochanter huge bump it's not a tuba it's the typical tuberosity right two garages so you know you can only see that from the front now you can tell if it's a right or left um that's where this comes in what do you call this thing that's the medial malleolus right so if this is medial it's going to be the left and this is anterior right has to be left what do we call these two things emanating from in between these two you know condyles epicon enterprise intercondyle eminence eminence eminence and they emanate you know you call your king your highness because or your eminence because of the high nature of the king and the eminences are emanating structures today you know what you're going to learn today this is what you're going to learn today with this bone that attaches to the tibia which we call it what is this boneless proximal to the tibia the femur right the reason you have these two little things is because there's two ligaments that cross in the knee joint that hold these two together what do you think call these two ones in the front one is in the back i call them the front and back crossing ligaments appreciate ligament and the posterior crochet ligament yeah acl and bcl have all kinds of problems with hcl banter cruciate ligaments posterior cruciate ligaments play soccer or if you uh you know play football if you play anything right anybody ever had any acl pcl yeah and in addition to acl and pcl you have mcl and lcl medial collateral ligament and lateral collateral knees very very movable joint so it has to have a lot of ligaments that hold them together let's do one more and then we can or we can do this for a while actually the joints the joints lectures not that long there's kind of important stuff in it but it's not that long uh in fact remember what i said last time at the joint lectures kind of review of bones now the one the one bone that you can't really i don't know well maybe you could could i've drawn an abstract version of this bone i'm going to try it before let's try pretty funny actually yeah it doesn't turn out being too abstract it almost looks like what it's supposed to look like yeah so what bonuses it's a pelvis of course your right or left left well what is this thing here looks like the operator no this is the operator frame this is the operator frame what is this this is where the head of the femur goes right it looks like a vinegar bowl that's what was the word for that [ __ ] that little vinegar bowl looking thing that's the tabula right so this is the acetabulum you know that this is what the lateral view or the medial view of the pelvic bone lateral lateral lateral so you know this is lateral but you also know that this notch here and this smaller knot you know the name of those things a greater sciatic notch and then what does that tell you about where they're located posterior so if this is posterior and this is lateral this can only be alive right right you know that this is a crest you know this is a spine you know this is a spine that's spine and that's the spine necessary but they're all named by the bone they're on and are they in the front and top or bottom and back right so wouldn't this be the as is what is as is me anterior superior iliac spine right and then this would be the anterior inferior of the actin spine posterior superior iliac spine posterior inferior x spine and what's fine is this well this bone here is the ischium so this is the ischial spine and then there's a bump here that i didn't include that's the issue of tuberosity but those are you know uh uh i agree that this is one of the more complicated bonds but these are the landmarks that i i'm gonna hold you responsible for they're not bad man let's do one more since christina just woke up um shoes we've done amazing ones i mean the ones that are that i can draw like that kind of quick in fact i think other than the flanges and the cardboards in the metacarpal what didn't we do okay we didn't do one and this one is kind of tough to not look to not be there and look at i guess i don't know what bone is this fibula it's the figure what do we call this part of the figure the lateral malleus yeah it's actually malleolus yeah so when we draw a tibia and we draw a fibula remember the fibula is lateral when you look at your ankle and you see these two little things sticking on both sides your ankles and your foot comes out like this and then you see your toes like this like this you know these two little things here this is the medial malleolus of the tibia and the lateral malleolus of the figure the tarsals are down here and one of those tarsals and these are your metatarsals these are the flanges what's the name of this appendage alex uh what is wrong with this drawing the thumb has too many fouling slots no i don't know what a felony is i don't know i don't know what a phalanxes are uh yeah i think the pollux has too many flangies which flames he should i remove the middle one gone so with that gone this thing looks a lot like this thing and today in lab if i remember i'll show you examples of surgeries where people have lost this thing uh and they've replaced it with that thing because it allows you to retain the opposition of your digits which is considered more important in our society to have opposable digits on your hand than to have a big toe because after i would wear shoes most of the time right but i guess it depends on what your profession is right if you're a ballerina and you lose your uh your thumb your pollux i don't know if a ballerina would choose to take the hallux off and put it where the pollux was i mean i don't even know i you know ballerinas do they use their toes or is that just like a piece of wood in their shoe i don't know these things i had no idea [Music] i do know however if you were a professional hitchhiker and you lost your thumb you definitely would push your big toe where your thumb used to be because you know that's how a professional hitchhiker gets anywhere [Music] you guys know about that okay so i think we went through i mean i don't know call me crazy but yes it takes a little bit of work but uh we just went through the bones and those important parts of the bones and we did it in like uh 10 minutes i mean the only thing i'd say that you'd be missing is like the whole skull and everything like that oh yeah yeah well that's right that's right we didn't do that or even the axial skeleton right uh like the first the vertebrae like for instance uh probably do this those are kind of easy to make little uh you know quick trying to where'd this come from where'd this come from the thoracic cavity the thoracic vertebra for thoracic spine yeah is this so is this thoracic people i would say cervical why would you stray with them because of the foramina yes and because of the bifid oh i thought those little circles were where the joints go for the uh ribs no if i were to draw with the ribs though i draw a facet here and a facet here and i guess i should have drawn this smaller right yeah she's drawn that small what if i draw something that looks like this three-dimensional sound weird what's this you might say well are those the transverse foramina well if those are transferred foramina what are these things right what are these things facets yeah now because they're at the edge like that and they're kind of half a fascia we call them demi facets right but where did this particular uh bone come from thoracic vertebrae right uh oh i think we've done this kind of thing before right really quickly all what right is this ain't this bone thoracic oh actually we're in the skull now oh is that the zygomatic this is psychomatic temporal maybe temporary oh yeah yeah external auditorium so if that's the temporal name a name b name c uh name d e is this cyclomatic process yeah there's a process that's a process that's a process so this is the zygomatic process that's it styloid process right what's this nasty process and this what part of the temporal bone is this it's really flat the strongest right and i think we've done this one before right this one this one you guys won't ever miss this one right what is this one spinoid one you what is this thing called the terry gloid processes yeah do you think it's a meteor lateral target process or plate can you say that again is it me or later once more it's that way right or lateral lateral what is this area here this sphenoid sinus uh the sphenoid sciences notice how we didn't talk a lot about the theory science it's a good thing to know but i did talk about the hypothesis of fossa where the pituitaries is the cell tursic we call it right that's filters greater wing lesser wing what holes are important here this one this one this one and this one right where are those holes did you make enough for everybody christina that's beautiful sorry all right well who can tell me these holes right here this one this one this one this that goes back to our discussion of these holes this whole this thing this thing this thing this thing this thing this thing this thing is in this another thing we did those are these um the foramen rotundum is from superior to inferior but superior most is the foramen rotundum the intermediate one is the foramen ovale and the inferior moses is foramin spinosum and what is this little slit right here super orbital fissure sure superior orbital [Music] yeah what about this bomb okay just a right or left that's moi trick questions trick question exactly there's only one f1 okay so we've got a see you guys you're probably a little bit nervous right now i think you guys are going to do real good the way you're because we don't have our tests yet we haven't even finished studying yet in fact i want you guys to do well i'm willing to at the end of this lecture allow you to make a decision well i guess i have to i have to ask the afternoon class too i'll ask them too and if they agree what do you think i want to allow you to do drop this test if you don't do well you can already do that what's another thing i might allow you to do use our notes uh no i'll let you use your brain [Music] take it together take it together no i'm not getting it together what's another thing that that people always ask instructors i'm not sure if it's good or not but huh curve now uh write some uh questions no oh that's always good yeah more time to study yes exactly exactly so what i might do and i'm not sure it's great because we can't put things off too much because you know summer's eight weeks i could theoretically because you know we have this long holiday we don't meet on monday i could theory up theoretically on tuesday give you the lecture exam at 8 30 [Music] for an hour give you like an hour break or something [Music] and then give you the practical both on the same day now you're probably thinking wow two on the same day well folks it's the same material isn't it yeah the difference is pictures versus multiple choice right and what that allows you to do instead of having a test tomorrow is having a huge long weekend to prepare for right i would be all for that yeah i'm down for that i'm down all right i have a feeling my afternoon class might also be but i i don't want to like if that class said nope nope i'm not doing it i've already discussed i've already been studying really hard i was ready for it thursday i really have to go with what the syllabus says unless it's unanimous has to be unanimous because changing the syllabus like you know that so this is our contract we said something now it is true that it's a tentative syllabus and i can change it anytime i want but i don't like to do things if they're not like uh if they go against the syllabus if it's not if there's any reason why somebody you know whether or not so let me ask them but i have a feeling that's by what we end up doing i'll let you know since we don't meet oh no we do reach tomorrow i'll let you know tomorrow i'm always like i can set you up before tomorrow i'll let you know after their class i'll put it in announcements right their class what time is their class well their class my i don't get them for lab somebody else does i'll be done with them at three so i'll be able to send you an announcement three would we just like study regular study tomorrow and in lecture let me see tomorrow uh huh tomorrow could be a review that'd be great you know what i mean by review right some people say review is where you tell us everything we need to know no i already did that review is where you come prepared and you ask me questions and i'll know if you're prepared if your questions are you know show that you've been spending time like you said hey on the greater wing in the sphenoid is the foramen lacerum part of the greater wing in the sphenoid or is it where the greater ring of the sphenoid connects with the uh temporal bone that's a great question it also shows me that you know some stuff but a question is not okay what do we have to know that's what is that you know i mean my i think my daughter's in fifth grade she's not even allowed to ask the teachers that anymore she could in second grade but not in fifth grade because they're talking you know just lecture well you know you know maybe you don't know exactly what's going to be on the test but that's a good thing it makes you learn more stuff so who can uh name a b c d um e is the something plate something plate can you be more specific perpendicular plate yeah perpendicular plate okay um see it's a superior how do you say it i don't care how you say it it said conky well it said kanka if it's more than one if it's one conkey if it's uh plural but is is the pure natural concrete did i ask you guys what nate what bone this is um i don't know what's the rest of it would a be the chris christa crystal or crystal galley brush the galley crest the rooster right is steve the middle nasal concha that's right where are the inferior natural countries not part of this bone no yeah they are two separate bones uh i could i suppose a potential question on the lexus that might be why do we even have country i would say moisturize the air yeah filter clean and moisturize the air and food service right all right okay well yeah we might have uh the test not tomorrow and we might have a review today and uh i'm gonna start tomorrow well and today right when i'm done when i'm done with joints today i don't have any new information right so let's look at joints which is a chapter uh no it's probably not we have an articulation agreement with uci and with other schools where if students take courses at our college they don't have to take it there that's a joint agreement between two institutions articulations means joining us joints joints how many kinds of joints do we have well we can look at joints in terms of what they're made out of or what they do right oh you guys can't see my screen huh okay joints articulations you guys want to talk about there's how they are structurally or how they are functionally oh oh good i was just going to have you know one of them very good christina that's good more stuff more stuff thank you therefore well structurally we have three kinds of joints we have fibrous joints we're a dense regular connective tissue connects the two together we have joints where cartilage connects them then we have joints that have a capsule that are filled with fluid synovial fluid the fact that there's fluid in synovial joints tells you why they move a lot they move a lot why because there's a lot of friction there's a lot of who's answering these questions who is that christina yeah there's a lot of friction the fluid that we have is mostly water you guys know about water water sticks to itself because of its charges uh the bonds between one water molecule another are hard to break in other words water can absorb a lot of heat before it lets the heat into the surroundings that's why everybody lives near water it keeps the temperatures down right like if you fly over there you're not world the united states and space shuttle like i did a few years ago i was the first anatomy teacher to fly in the space shuttle did you guys know that well now you do and i can remember we were flying over the united states and it was nighttime and you know what i saw i saw a bunch of likes here likes lights lights lights lights lights lights lights and then no lights no lights no lights and then lights lights lights lights lights lights lights light slight flashlight and then no lights then over here i saw some lights and over here i saw some lights where are those lights usually related to people being awake yes a surface or like the ground yeah but why is your lights here and lightsaber population density around the coast because of the fluid or the water in between that's where the water is people live where the water is they're not stupid i mean yes some people live out in life and then and god forsaken or eversville but not them not enough to see a lot of light from the space shuttle uh and the popular populations when this country was settled it was around rivers and lakes for transport and stuff but it's too hot if there's not water around right well it would be too hot in your synovial joints because of all the heat of friction that's being released if there wasn't a bunch of fluid in there we call that fluid synovial fluid now was i really in the space shuttle well no but i dreamt i was it was such a realistic dream that i still to this day think it might have been real the only reason i know it's not real because it's the one that blew up and i'm still here so it must have just been a dream what about functionally well they're either gonna not move at all and the joints are not there to allow for movement they're just allowed there to hold the bones together they're called synaptic joints they allow for limited movement but not a lot of movement and then they're called anti-arthrotic joints or they allow for a lot of movement called diaphragmatic joints right so this is a functional category this is a structural method so would it be safe to say that a lot of um the diathrotic uh articulations would have a synovial fluid yeah in fact all synovial fluid also noble joints are diathrotic yep the other ones are essentially synarthrotic with a little bit of antioxidants in there going in so let's talk about fibrous joints first what are examples of fibrous joints well sutures are fibrous joints you guys know sutures right you know that there's not a lot of movement along sutures right uh nicole what's your favorite suture and don't just name any suture because if you just say name any feature i'll be able to tell by your facial expression if it's really your favorite or not i want your favorite suture um coronal okay it's my favorite suture it's my favorite beer it's my favorite suitsuit uh what does the coronal suture articulate which bones does the coronal suture articulate the frontal and the parietal exactly you can see why sutures would be uh syn arthritic right functionally sutures are still arthritic they're not there to allow for movement they're there just to hold the bones together the type of fibrous joint a fibrous uh see arthritic joint sutures maybe a test on the question might be what is your favorite suture and uh well that wouldn't be good on a practical because there's really no answer right oh no i guess i guess e could be that's really a subjective question anybody can like whatever suture they want i guess that would be the correct answer uh are there other uh fibrous joints yeah there are joints called gomphoses that are fibrous there's there's only one gomphosis and that is where you have a peg in a socket well which bones articulate via peg and socket the three and then the femur in the pelvis no that's a balling socket a tooth a tooth all your teeth articulate via gum fosis and which which bones of the skull participate in domforces mandible and in a female what do you call that wrong mandible right now what other bone articulates we have down forces well folks you have upper teeth and you have lower teeth would it be the pallet pallet team i mandible and the maxwell those are part there's the only bones that participate in gum fossa is this uh fibrous joints that means there's a ligament that connects that tooth bone to the to the uh to the bone that's around the tooth what's the word for around hairy what's the worst for two two periodontal ligament right connects the a tooth to a bone would you say a downphosis is synarthrotic amphiarthrotic or diathrotic synaprotic pretty much synoptronic right standard thrive is there another type of fibrous joint remember we're talking about fibrous joints here yeah another type of fibrous joint is called a syndesmosis and whenever whenever we talk about a fin dysmonce interosseus ligament what does that mean interosseous between bones for instance there's a tibial tibiofibular ligament there is a oh that's a horrible radius there's a radial on our ligament right those are syndismosis fibrous joints what about cartilaginous joints how many times do we have cartilage connecting to bones well here's one remember remember what we call that thing right here this is a joint because it's this is a bone and this is the separate bone and this connects the two it's a plate of cartilage now this is called a synchondrosis chondromeans cartilage right yes now do you always have epiphyseal plates are they permanent they're temporary they're temporary at what point does your uh epiphyseal plate become an epiphyseal line when you stop crying yeah so these would be temporary synthondrosis one is a synchondrosis chloroform of synthon gross scenes as yes you have any that are permanent that are there forever yeah how about the sternocostal joints remember those what are sternocostal joints costuming rib so you know how the ribs are attached to sternum by cartilage sometimes by their own independent cartilage what kind of what kind of uh ribs have their own independent cartilage attachment to the sternum ribs ribs sternal yeah they're called virtual external and then sound share the false one remember what we call the fourth one or t roll convo right those are cartilage attachments between two bones that are there forever even after you've died are still there they only deteriorate over time right those are permanent synchondrosis cartilage what's another type of cartilaginous joint a a synthesis and a synthesis involves a disc always involves a disc of cartilage this type of joint is called a symphysis oopsie synthesis well this is the pubic symphysis do we have other symphyses that you can think of between better weight yeah between the body and vertebrae those are those discs between the bodies of vertebrae are called intervertebral symphyses aren't they do you mix emphasis into vertebral synthesis fibrocarbons but most of our joints are synovial so we're going to dedicate the rest of this discussion to synovial joints and you guys already know that synovial joints are highly diathrotic you know that already told me that so what types of structures must a synovial joint have well as we said it has there must be a joint capsule filled with fluid it's a capsule filled with fluids made by the by the ligaments that connect the two bones together they form a capsule and it's filled with fluid that fluid is called synovial fluid how many times a night while you're sleeping do you think your parents if they're good parents take the time to inject synovial fluid in all your synovial joint capsules so that when you get up in the morning and move around you don't have a lot of friction and you know start to denature uh cause heat damage to your tissues hey one time a night be three times a night rachel how many times do parents do that i don't think they do that oh child protective services i'd call them today but the reality of it is that that fluid is secreted by this little membrane that lines the inside of the capsule it's called a synovial membrane so your parents don't have to do a thing this is called the synovial membrane your synovial membrane it secretes the fluid and how does the synovial membrane get the fluid well how are any of your fluids produced by the water that you drink right if you continue drinking fluids throughout the day some of it will be performed plasma some of it will form with an oval fluid some of it will form csf fluid you know all your fluids are formed by the fluids that you take in not just by the water you drink you guys know that what you eat is mostly water right because if you're mostly water that steak that you ate is also mostly water what if you take all the water out of a steak it's called beef jerky so you see how small a piece of beef jerky is when you started off as a steak that was huge take all the water out eat jerky so you're taking in water all the time that water is going to form all the fluids in your body the blood supply will take it to the synovial membrane which will then uh secrete it as a snowman fluid now is it true that sometimes you create a lot of friction and you create a lot of heat uh so the synovial membrane secretes excessive amounts of synovial fluid when there's tissue damage to try to minimize leader friction so somebody has to come and suck some of the fluid out yeah that happens sometimes right you have to drain your joints sometimes physical therapists how many guys going to pt school a what a pta school yeah that's almost it's almost pt just add an egg to it right uh that's planned okay that's my plan yeah uh now would you say the synovial membrane lines the entire inside of the joint capsule no not really if you look at it carefully here's synovial fluid i'm sorry so nobody membranes no membranes no real membranes so oh it's an oval membrane and then when it gets to the end of our circulating bone this is hyaline cartilage now does that make this a cartilaginous joint no it's a synovial joint what it does make it is that synovial joints have hyaline cartilage at the ends of the bone that's part of a synovial joint if you've ever seen if you've ever eaten uh i don't know i'm from kansas that's where i grew up and in kansas i don't know if you guys see this in california but in kansas we like chickens because there's chickens everywhere on campus and when you eat a chicken and you get to the chicken you start getting to the bone and you eat to the end of the bone and there's hyaline cartilage at the end of it shiny kind of silvery stuff i know it sounds barbaric but when there's hundreds of chickens everywhere you gotta eat them and we'll take over the world has anybody here ever eaten a chicken yeah yes and do you see it you ever get to the end and see the highland carvings yep yep and you see how slick it is that's something that you wouldn't mind like if you had to slide into second base playing baseball you want to slide in the field of sandpaper or in a field of cartilage cartilage yeah you fall down on a field of cartilage you may hitting the cartilage may hurt but then you're going to slide but if you try to slide on sandpaper that's their story right well what if your hyaline cartilage becomes rough like sandpaper because gravity has been forcing you down for 80 or 90 years or because you're starting to produce antibodies against your own cartilage and you start destroying your own cartilage and it becomes like sandpaper what's that going to result in arthritis it is yeah it it it creates friction which creates heat which creates tissue damage which means that you send a blood white blood cells to try to fix it it swells and you create damage there you have inflammation of the joints the word for joint is arthrology folks the word for inflammation is itis you know encephalitis inflammation of the brain gastritis inflammation and stomach arthritis inflammation of the joints so all synovial joints will have everything i've just talked about by the way can you barely see this epiphyseal line here it used to be a plate you can barely see it right here right that used to be a joint it's not a joint anymore what kind of joint was that well let's see temporary synchondrosis right it's no longer a joint but we're not talking about the epiphyseal line here talk about the synovial joint now are there some joints in your body that have things in addition to everything i've talked about yeah there are some synovial joints that have ligaments that connect to bones together particularly if they are very very diarthrotic you're going to have to have a ligament there to try to hold them together that would be an intracaptured ligament what is the word intra mean between the left into the side you guys should be able to tell me right now by structures that you learned in studying bones which joints have uh uh intra capsular ligaments your shoulder joint well the shoulder joint remember we saw a glenoid cavity and we saw the head of the humerus but i don't remember seeing any indication that there was a ligament connected between the the head the femur and the glenoid cavity i don't remember seeing any structure that indicated that your knee okay what about the knee where are the knee um [Music] the intercontil or eminence you mean that yep remember how that active you had interconducting and i told you those were for ligaments for the aclpcr attachments yeah that's an example where else remember the femur has a phobia capitus remember what that formula capitalist is for remember the head of the femur goes into the gastroticum well that little phobia capitalist is for a ligament that attaches the head of the femur in the acetabulum so that's an example too so what does that tell you the knee joint and the hip joint are extremely diathrotic so the mother nature actually in addition to all these things made it more difficult to dislocate these by allowing a ligament to evolve to hold the two bones together but that's not found in all synovial joints that's just a couple what else might you find in some that you don't find in others some have a disc of cartilage in between the bones now you might say you might say well does that make it a synthesis no it's just no is it like a meniscus like a mask it is a meniscus yeah so it's this that's what makes this thing so what synovial joint has discs like this well you said it you said it adam yeah there's a medial and lateral meniscus in the knee there's even a little disc in this joint i'm going to draw it you guys can tell me what joint this is right here which what do you think this joint is right here between the mandibular fossa on the temporal bone and the mandibular condyle wouldn't you call that the temporal mandibular joint there is a disc of cartilage in there it's a synovial joint it's very movable right look at rachel right now she's yawning like crazy she couldn't do that without a temporal mandibular joint to open widely her mouth to yawn out of the extreme excitement that she's getting from this presentation that's what happens sometimes right rachel uh is there anything else that you might find in some joints you don't find out yeah sometimes there are fluid filled sacs in between the ligaments that surround the bones in between the tendons and the muscles ligaments that are actually filled with synovial fluid uh sorry sacs that are filled with synovial fluid what do you call these sacs bursa um one's called the versailles what's up numerous mercy yeah mercy plural their names tell you where they are right where do you think you find the infra patellar versa which joint no which joint has the infra patella versa your patella well okay your knee joint right which joint has your an electronyl versa well what do we have an olecranon elbow elbow which joint has a subacromial versa um acromion subacromial bursa scapula victoria humerus well i mean we'll talk about joints you know which joint do you think has a subacromial burst your shoulder joint right joint joint subscapular shoulder zone uh acetabular bursa hip joint right they're named by their uh you know phony location let's look at some examples well there's the temporal mandibular joint here's the mandibular condyle there's a mandibular fossa on the temple ball there's that disc of cartilage that separates that's inside that the joint cavity tmj might i ask you the names of some ligaments on this test yeah is that going to be a problem no because you know how ligaments are named you see this ligament right here that goes from the styling process to the mandible it's called the style of mandeville legoland right what do you call a ligament that goes from the sphenoid bone to the manual the spheno mandibular ligaments right so ligaments are parts of joints but their names are really not that uh complicated if you have learned the muscles right i'm sorry if you learned the bones uh here is a view of the shoulder joint from right lateral taking the humerus out right and you can see the glenoid cavity would it surprise you to see that the glenoid cavity was covered with cartilage no because like i said in synovial joints the ends of the bones are covered with cartilage what kind of cartilage is this well it's hyaline but functionally it's called articular cartilage because you know that's what it allows for articulation you see this flat sac right here this flat saxo bursa well it's underneath the acronym so this is the subacromial bursa subacromial bursa it can become inflamed if you do a lot of movement there what kind of exercise might cause inflammation of the subacromial bursa so that when i don't know if you guys ever experienced like pain right here at the top of your shoulder you know maybe shoulder abduction like a lateral raise yeah like okay i was thinking of a sport like swimming right the ac joint acromioclavicular joint we'll look at that in a moment ac joint okay this is like a an anterior view of that right you can see the subacromial bursa this is a subscapular person and you see all these ligaments that hold these together don't read now uh but if i was to say name that ligament and let's say that words weren't there could you name that ligament well you'd have to know what this is well this is the acromion of the scapula and you have to know what this is this is the clavicle so what would you call this ligament acromioclavicular ligament right what do you call this ligament without radiant well you've got to know your bone parts this is the coracoid this is the acromion this is the acromial ligament what do you call this ligament right here this one you can read if you want because this is just one of the names for this ligament but there's another name on a test i may say what's another name for the trapezoid ligament because trapezoid is a shape so this was named by shape but if you wanted to give it another name which actually tells you more about where it is what would you call this trapezoid ligament the clavicle coracoid something like that yes i would take that it's actually called the coracoclavicular but that's just by convention you you realize that coracoid comes first i don't care if you thought the coral core clavicular or the clavo coral coil i don't care you guys remember what this bump is called and this bump is called on the humerus greater and what do we call the little groove in between the two the intertubercular fossa well it's not really a fossa it's more of a surface or a groove right it's long well now you see why we have it some people think we have these things so that we can give you more stuff to memorize to try to weed you out from medical school why do we have this pump here and why do we have this pump here because there's a ligament between them that holds down a tendon in that groove so it doesn't pop up when you try to use that muscle so what is the purpose of the intertubercular surface to hold the tendon for a muscle called the biceps brachii and what holds that tendon down in the groove a ligament in between the tubercles right so if you're wondering huh i wonder what he might ask on this joint like how practical well i mentioned that ligament i mentioned this ligament i mentioned this a little bit i mentioned that sac and this sac i mentioned this ligament and then uh the purpose of this uh tendon those are things i talked about and if you think about it it's a review of bones if you have been studying bone we're just restating the names of bones uh which joint is this well it's also the shoulder joint right but what kind of view and cut is this it's different than the other one this is a blank view of a blank cut of the shoulder joint okay the cut is coronal antenna it's an anterior view of chronicle right what kind of joint is this specific temporary synthesis it's not a synthesis close yeah it's a temporary synchondrosis what kind of joint is this well that's synovial all right can you see the glenoid cavity here lined with cartilage lined with cartilage right here right here right here right here right here in fact the cartilage that comes up and forms a deep lip that was selected for an evolution right because if a lip was made along the edge wouldn't that make it more less prone to dislocation so wouldn't you think over time evolutionarily that lip got bigger and bigger because organisms with a lip had less dislocations less list of less dislocations meant you live longer means you have more babies means you pass that gene for larger lip on before you know it everybody has a larger lip what do you call this lip of the glenoid cavity lips in espanola have you it's called the glenoid labrum or lip what if you have a torn labrum well that little piece of lip might be stuck floating around inside the joint capsule and might get locked somewhere and cause a lot of pain and cause a lot of friction cause a lot of damage some people have uh torn labrum you have to have surgery go ahead and remove the little piece that's floating around in there right now here's a thought question if the glenoid if this if there's a glenoid labrum it stands to reason that there's also a blank labrum in the body if there's a glenoid labrum there's probably a blank label acromial or no yeah yeah it's that thing that sounds like the acetabular exactly there is an acetabular labrum that's also a very diarthrotic deep joint that would benefit by from having a lip acid attack their labrum so what um let's see these like um but these labrum only be present in like ball and socket type of joints or yes yeah the fact that there's a deep socket means that it's more diathrotic means that it was more movable means more prone to dislocation therefore there would be a selection over hundreds of thousands of years to make it deeper and the lip of cartilage makes it deeper you can see right here in a cadaver in a cadaver uh this section of the glenoid label the elbow joint has an electronyl labrum i'm sorry an olecranon bursa not a labrum electron bursa let's have a quick uh phone group uh structure review a structure construction structure instruction what are those structures obviously radius can you tell me if this is a left or right or even more information well what you have to know is the radius is louder to the ulna right should be right and you have to know that the elbow is posterior so you have to be right it's the main medial right does anybody anybody learn this little structure this little bump that's on the radius there tell you the truth it's not one of the things that i mentioned to you [Music] however i think i will because you know it's it has an importance you know when i say it has an importance it doesn't mean the things i don't say don't right but it's called the well you know it's a middle-sized bump on the radius so what would you call it you know why that's important because the tendons for the biceps break the eye that's where it attaches that's why that bump is there radial tuberosk you guys remember this part of the radius watch the head already how about this little part of the alma here that goes like that remember the name of that it looks kind of like a crown you might wear if you were a king or if you were a corona virus uh corona prosecutors you have a coronoid process this is the only corona coronoid process so how many bones have we talked about that have a coronoid process so far in the whole body three what are they the ulna the scapula and the mandible the scapula has a coracoid that's different so it's just the mandible and the hola coracoid is different and then this is the olecranon hair where you have the olecranon person if you guys uh play a lot of tennis and get tennis elbow you might have bursitis of the olecranon versa right do people still play tennis anymore yeah okay what about this joint why'd i do this i'm getting rid of the words because you already know the names of these ligaments right i'm going to put a letter on them what's the difference between uh those ligaments and this ligand well you could not answer that if you didn't know the parts of the bone that's why you have to know the parts of the bone what do you think the difference is between ligament a ligament b and ligament c their name they all help form the joint capsule obviously what are the names of these ligaments well you guys know the name of this part of the pelvic bone the pubis right you know the name of this bond the femur ebola femoral ligament you know the name of this part of the uh pelvic bone the issue acm family you know the name of this one up here that you can't really see very well like way up here ilium ileophenol right i don't see anybody missing the names of ligaments on the test if you know the parts of the bone so now why would it be the uh for example pubic femoral ligament instead of the femoral pubo ligament okay literally just about to ask that duncan yeah how do we know that by convention typically they go from axial to appendicular however i will take either one of those i will take fibo femoral ephemeral people all right and now you get to see part of the reason why we have an intratrope enteric line right it's the attachment for these ligaments that form the anterior wall of this joint capsule what are lines there and there's some muscles they're testing too every time you see a thing on a bone like a tubercle or a line or a crest something attaches to that a muscle a ligament something's gonna attach to it that's why it's there i have tried to give you the names of those structures that are most important so that when we understand what muscles do you'll have an idea of their attachments can you repeat what you said well which one which part anything that attaches to a what uh anytime you have a bone that has a tubercle or a trochanter or a crest or any bump on it that's the attachment to something could be a ligament can be a muscle it could be a tendon right what kind of view is this right what about this well what kind of cut is this right and in cutting it coronally you can see the capitate ligament right and when i told you the fourier capital starts through the whole capital you can also see as that as duncan said the acetabular labrum what kind of view is this posterior okay and you can recognize the the seo femoral ligament and the ileo femoral ligament light form the uh posterior wall of the joint capsule you can see the gray and lesser tubercles and you can see that the et cetera et cetera et cetera let me show you why this kind of stuff becomes important as we wanted for us uh you know the alien would go up like this you can't see all the other lines like that right well if you look carefully at the posterior wall of the ilium i'm not going to have you learn this because they're kind of hard to see even if you have the bone in your hand these lines are difficult to see but there's a line there and there's a bump here well there's a muscle that's going to go from here to there that's why you have those now we're not talking about muscles yet i realize that i'm not going to ask you anything about muscles on the next practical or on the first exam but muscles are coming what do you know about muscles what do they do when you send electricity to them contract you got to get short and you think most work will be done if both bones move or if one is held still and the other one has moved towards it if one is anchored okay what do we call the bone that typically is anchored when a muscle gets sore orange okay so between a and b if you wanted to maximize a movement which one of those do you think is going to be the origin okay this is exactly the insertive that's all you need to know to know what this muscle does memorizing what muscles do is kind of silly you can look at a muscle you can deduce where the origin insertion is because you already did that i mean i can't believe the number of people that buy 700 flash cards with the name of the muscle origin inserts in an action and sit in front of a tv and cram this in their head without even thinking once they memorize all that the test maybe they remember some of them but then when a month after the test they don't even know what they had in their head at the time right wouldn't it be better to look at a muscle and deduce like you guys just did where the origin is and where the insertion is and then imagine the insertion being pulled towards your origin that's what that muscle does can anybody tell me if this is the origin and this is the insertion and this insertion is going to be pulled towards that origin what would the resulting action be abduction did you say abduction well abduction remember this is your butt and this is your leg right this is the posterior alien so this is your butt here's your other butt extension uh exactly we need somebody to stand up who can stand up and walk back a little bit christina can't because she's already standing oh yeah all right walk backwards okay so that we can all see okay like that now we're talking about a muscle that goes from the back of your ilium that's origin and then inserts on the top back of your femur you're going to make it get short do it what uh there's a muscle that goes from the posterior part of your ilium okay that's the origin and it's gonna insert on the posterior superior part of your femur it's gonna pull on the femur what's the action gonna be do it just do it do it flex well just do it don't tell me what it's called we haven't talked about what you call it yeah so you're like this lip line nicole you do it don't stand up and do it nicole back up i have shorts on okay well you don't have to who doesn't have shorts on okay let's see okay but you know okay she okay that's good i'm glad you did that because you guys know that we're looking at the back this is the butt we're back in the last reflection well we're gonna start giving names yet because that's my name what nicole did was to lift the femur to the front like that well that would be the case if muscles pushed on bones right muscles don't push on bones let's just pull on bones so if this muscle is going to pull on the femur it's not going to push it forward what's it going to do kick it backwards pull it backwards right do that now nicole don't stand up and do that okay i realized the wrong direction so exactly right now okay now and that's what i did the first time oh i didn't see that i just saw the opposite of that yeah i went like this but it's okay and i think i was thinking it was the anterior viewport well i drew a butt here okay so now i can tell you that that movement is femoral extension that's what it's called so what is the action of this muscle extends the femur what is the name of this muscle well i guess you could call it the extensor femoris they could happen that's what it does some muscles are named by what they do this one's not one of those some muscles are named by origin and insertive if this muscle was named by origin insertion the origin would come first you caught the the iliophorus is that what it's called no some muscles are named by location and relative size is that what this muscle is made by location and relative side well what location is this it's one of the things you learn in chapter one like you know is it the axillary location is it the femoral is it the gluteal is it the popliteal what is it gluteal it's the gluteal region and there happens to be three muscles that are here one of them is a big one gluteus maximus what is maximum one of them's a little one gluteus minimus and one of them is in between the two gluteus medius so what's the name of this muscle i drew here's the gluteus maximus what does it originate posterior ilium where is it insert close to your femur what does it do it extends the feet you're either gonna buy a bunch of flash guards and memorize that good luck have a good day see you in the fall or you're going to use your head and know your bones and know what we mean by extension and reflection etc and you're going to figure it out that old pulls on eye and then you're gonna stand up and do that and see what that looks like even on a test when you're sitting there taking a test you can move your legs and feet around right right i mean that's not really cheating i mean i guess it is moving your body is cheating but what am i going to say during the test you cannot move well that's ridiculous right so you can actually move your arms and fingers and stuff and see what you what you're doing when a muscle does what it does it's actually deductive reasoning now everything i said about muscles here is important but i just threw it in here to tell you where we're going it's not going to be on the next test well here's probably the most interesting and complex synovial joint it has everything you could imagine is the knee joint not only does it have everything that a synovial joint could possibly have it has something that other synovial joints don't have and that's our anterior protection protective shield anteriorly that's a patella oh what kind of ligaments form the capsule well there's one on the medial side it's called mcl medial collateral ligament collateral because it's between two bone mcl now you guys are thinking why is the book calling it the tibial collateral well because aka tibial collateral ligament is the medial collateral if that's true what do you think lcl is this is lcl well that's the fibular collateral right because that goes from the fibula to the affinity to the femur fibular collateral it's on the lateral surface lcl and this goes from the tibia to the femur tibial collateral but it's medial those are used interchangeably and i want you to know these because um clinically you know you know exercise physiologists and all those kind of people they refer to them both as mcl and lcl and fit collateral and tip collateral right i want you to think we're talking about different things and look you have ligaments in the back well what do you call the back of the knee what's the popular reason right so we'd expect to find a series of popliteal ligaments what kind of cut is this of the knee [Music] sagittal well in sagittal cut you can see the pre patellar bursa the infrapatellar bursa the super patellar bursa why so many mercy associated with the knee joint because it's highly blank i are throtted directly but in addition to all this stuff the knee also has discs of cartilage here's one on the lateral side it's called the lateral meniscus here's one on the medial side it's called the medial meniscus does the knee joint have intra capsular ligaments yeah they actually cross one crosses in the front acl one crosses in the back pcl who could tell me what the attachment to acl and pco is on the tibia [Music] those intercondylar eminences we talked about right here's the tibial tuberosity here's the fibula is this a left or right knee or do you need more information tibial tuberosity is always anterior the fibula is lateral so this has to be a y right knee yeah correct and look at the femoral condyles completely covered with hyaline cartilage well i told you that's what happened at the image of uh your joints now what i'm about to tell you is one of the most important things in learning the actions of muscles you have to pay close attention because if you understand these terms you can deduce what muscles do fairly easily this is your tire in your car this is another tire what allows those tires to go around and around an axis of excellent we have access these two in our body right this is a person in the abdominal position we have an axis that runs just like towards like this so movement is around that axis like this right what do you call a nip by the way this is called a transverse axis what do you call movement around the transverse axis for instance this rotation well no waving the axis is like this what we call movement like this for instance this is movement around the transverse axis so is this so is this so is this that's all going around a transverse axis decreasing of the angle is called flexion increasing the angle is called extension remember when nicole went back and extended her femur right this was uh nicole from the side and she went like this with her femur right here's her arm here's her nose right she's looking that way she lifted her femur back like this that is movement around an axis that's running transversely through her isn't it [Music] so if this is femur extension folks what do you call it when you pull it the other way that's theme reflection right flexion decreases the angle extension increase what am i doing right now to my fingers abducting we haven't even defined that direction here you're flexing okay is it the trip like this i'm going like this i'm moving i'm flexing my fingers now i'm extending them what am i doing to my wrist flexing my wrist extending my wrist what am i doing to my forearm flexing my forearms extending my forearms what am i doing to my humerus folks humerus flexing my humerus extending my humerus right what am i doing to my neck flexing flexing extending right flexion extension or movement around the transverse axis decreasing the angle flexion increase extension now that's just one axis of rotation right there are others what do you think another axis of rotation is let me say axis of movement let's draw another person in the atomic position like this we have an axis that would be like if somebody threw a spear that was going through it from from anterior to posterior that's a little harder to draw see the arrow's going like this right you see how it's kind of like a line coming towards us right like if somebody threw a spear through us this is the ap axis the anterior posterior axis isn't it [Music] well that means movement around that axis is like this and like this right so what do you call movement around the ap axis well oh god if it's away from midline it's called abba abduction like somebody abducted your child for taking it away from your midline what if you add the child back to your home that is so what is abduction and adduction it's movement around the ap axis uh christina abduct your humerus my my abductor stand in the anatomical position there you go like that now adduct it now abduct your femur you have to stand back so we can see abduct your femur there you go right nicole show me your palm add that to your fingers abduct your fingers there you go see flex your oh shove your palm again flex your fingers stain your fingers abduct your pollux abduct your pollux abduct your pollux your polish is your thumb no your politics is your thumb show me your your palm again abduct your polyps okay now watch carefully folks extend your pollux that's flexing you have to pull it back right extend your fingers extend your fingers no that's about extend your fingers i think you can huh like moving them back yeah like that okay all right you can do you can do it without your other hand maybe not a lot but you get there that's those are extended digits wouldn't that also be hyperextension or no hyper if it's beyond the anatomical position every anything can be hyper look look carefully at the difference here i don't know do you see my pollux yes abduction extension that's right extension like this flexion extension flexion extension adduction abduction see that all right do we have any other axis of rotation yeah you have one more what do you think it possibly can be [Music] lateral longitudinal axis and what we call movement around the lines of two molex well that's rotation [Music] medial rotation lateral rotation right so i'm going to pick on you christina because you're already standing so walk back i want you to stand in the anatomical position and medially rotate your forearm we can't see it that's not medial rotation there you go okay okay do it again medial rotation lateral rotation immediately rotate your femur stand in the anatomical position there immediately rotate your femur there you go laterally rotate see those are movements around the long axis that's rotation medial and lateral rotation if you understand the difference between extension and flexion medium lateral rotation abduction and adduction you'll be able to look at a muscle if you know the bones and just tell me what it does just by looking at it and too many people i've seen that teach this kind of course thank you okay here's 250 flash cards learn on the test test tomorrow okay great so you learn what's on a piece of paper you don't know what any of it means really it's going to go out right out here your head if you understand a few things here you're going to learn this just because you know it's like riding a bike it just makes sense i'm going to quiz you to make sure you know it here as we move on this is you know some really nice sections of uh of a knee right what kind of view this is a black view of a black knee i'm trying to get rid of the answers here this is a blank view of a white knee posterior right knee right here wow these are you know when you look at these cadaver dissections you go oh yeah so what try dissecting a knee like this those ligaments are tight they're on the bone they're hard to find this is like an amazing dissection if you guys ever wanted to take the cadaver take my protection class i teach it every spring there's like 15 or 18 people in it and we get two cadavers from uci and you spend 16 weeks dissecting a particular area you might spend 16 weeks dissecting your shoulder because maybe you want to be a pt or something you want to be an expert on the shoulder you dissect the shoulder you take pictures of it you do a presentation to the class you become a shoulder expert and you know we're not going to talk about all the smoking joints associated i mean look at all these things they're everywhere right uh however i wouldn't feel bad if i were just to say well maybe i would because i didn't have to learn the tarsals you know in my spring and fall class they know the tarsal so they know you know that if this is the talus and this is the tibia this is the tallow tibial ligament so they know that but i didn't have you guys going to tarsal so i wouldn't ask you that same with that okay tell me if you agree with what's written there yes okay commit this to your memory now are there some types of movements that are unique to a particular area so we don't it's not one of these three yeah we'll talk about a couple of those but i hope that this makes sense the difference between extension and flexion and it's beyond the anatomical position then it's hyper see see how all these are reflection and extension because they're all moving around the transverse axis either decreasing the angle flexion or increasing the angle extension so are these things [Music] uh we can also have where you move your torso and have lateral flexion to [Music] uh what about this well what what is this movement around what kind of axis is this movement around this kind of movement here is isn't it going around the axis that would be a spear that's going through this lady from front to back right that would be an ap access right away from midline abduction towards that oxygen see here's abducted fingers here's adducted fingers you can abduct your whole wrist in the anatomical position right if you're standing in the anatomic position like this and you go like this with your wrist haven't you pulled it away from midway that's abduction of the wrist adduction of the wrist wrist right one thing we didn't talk about because it doesn't apply to these things for instance if i were to show you this what is this isn't that movement around the long axis right isn't this like media rotation lateral rotation right medial rotation lateral rotation but this is not rotation i'm not rotating this is rotation this is not rotation what's this called this is called circumduction for the distal point move the proximal point doesn't right when you become a physical therapist they you learn these things and they these are movements you do to determine which tendon or muscle is messed up shoulder uh yeah i mean just in general yeah you understand why this is rotation right because this guy this person is moving around the long axis uh what's being rotated here when this lady's doing this and this is the radius and ulna being rotated or is the humerus being rotated humerus the humerus the radius and ulna is being uh abducted and adducted this is what's being rotated right now sometimes you have joint specific movements like for instance elevation and depression elevation it starts elevating his mandible compressing your mental right so elevation and depression there's protraction of the mandible and retraction right uh a lean retract your shoulders that's protrac retractor there's retraction of the shoulders not protract protract you see not elevate there you go not depressed okay do a unilateral shoulder elevation unilateral unilateral shoulder elevation [Music] go ahead elevation there you go like that that's one side right [Music] there's a muscle called the levator scapulae right it's called its name is what it does called the levator scapulae i bet if i were to ask you guys what the what a bilateral contraction i did this to my class last semester i said what's a bilateral contraction of a muscle clog of a later scapula a hundred percent of them got them right they all did this i was so proud of them they all got it right how about inversion of knee version yeah that's inversion is you know showing you on the the bottom of your foot to your other leg is inversion showing the bottom of your foot to the guy next to you is eversion when it comes to the foot things are a little bit different right lifting the foot up like this which is really a type of extension i'm sorry a type of uh uh well if the foots are different it's really a type of extension but we call it dorsiflexion because this is the dorsum of your foot and when you go down it's called plantar flexion so the foot's a little different we don't talk about extension of the foot we talk about dorsiflexion and plantar flexion what kind of movement is this well i told you this is rotation didn't i from the anatomical position when you go from here to here what have you done is that medial or lateral rotation medial right you know what another name for media rotation pronation pronation and another name for lateral rotation supination because we have a muscle called the pronator teres and you'll see we you know it must pronate must pronate when you take your thumb and oppose it to your other digits it's called opposition allows us to grab things like tools and pins and write and evolve more okay uh let me ask some questions or actually maybe this is when we take a break and then come back and i separate you guys like we did last time and and we do stuff uh we're gonna take this has been a long lecture it's been two hours i know i know but you know it's worth it let's take a half hour break which means we come back at 11 right you guys can you know go for a jog over somebody or whatever and then i'm gonna come show you a bunch of stuff a bunch of stuff like this and i'm gonna ask you a bunch of questions and see how many of you have are learning how to isolate on things that i say are important in in the bones lecture today i mean sorry in the joint selection now that's probably it'll take us from 11 to 11 30. i don't know at that point we can either be so exhausted that we leave or we've got an hour left that you guys can ask questions on anything that we've discussed but keep in mind that i think there's probably a really good chance that when i uh ask the afternoon class if they want to have their chest after the 4th of july july holiday i think that they're going to be overjoyed so i really don't think anyone especially if i if i if after the joints lecture and they see how much more stuff i just added the idea of having a test tomorrow i think will not be that popular there's one person in there that's gonna fight it but i think he's already a pt and he's just loving this you know so uh i'm i'm not gonna fall for it so i'll see you guys at 11 and then we're gonna put you in breakout rooms and you're gonna go over all our stuff and see what you learned all right okay you all replaced [Music] me you guys there yeah yes okay all right okay so this is what i want you to do starting with review body accesses look at all these pictures all the way to the end the uh you know the module is i'm sorry this powerpoint is in modules right it's called articulations go to canvas modules articulations with whatever group you're in and look at each of the pictures and discuss what you think are important things uh and i'm going to give you 30 minutes which would be 11 30 and then let me see how many people are in here right now you have 37 people only where's everybody out maybe they're still taking a break final minutes to show up does anybody have any questions on anything um what's the label for the question marks in slide 49. oh the question was what is this person done to show you this view what kind of movement and let's go ahead and answer that now if you're going to look at the femoral condyles like that what did this person do starting from the anatomical position if you're standing in front of him looking at him or her standing in the arm in the anatomical position what did he have to do to show you this view you have to do two things they're looking at the posterior view so this is an anterior view oh just kidding this is an anterior view and the person is standing in the anatomical position and he does two things to show you this view what would those two things be in other words he blanked his blank and then he blanked his blank it was a flexion of the the hip joint and more joint why don't you say yeah that is true both of those truths but talk about the bone you flesh this femur and then yeah he flexed his femur and he uh flexed his uh um fibula okay and tibia because the fibular tibia exactly right he did female flexion and tibial flexion to show you this exactly so when you get into your group you need to understand that if you don't understand that get with somebody in your group that does understand that there's only 36 people here i can't wait forever so i'm going to break you guys up into six groups each of you then uh we have six people and i'm gonna give you until uh 11 30 come back and i'm going to ask you a question and see how well you uh grasp things okay all right there we go they're slowly populated into a group at this point what i'm sorry i was commuted i asked did you guys have fun does he make friends okay so much fun all right so i'm gonna ask a series of questions here uh and see if they could be anything it could be anything it could be on jealous it could be on bones it could be anything and you just answer the first one to answer remember that it's got to be spelled right on the practical so i don't know i know here's what i can do just like say it and then if you're the first one to say it spell it like if the question was uh name this and say nicole said tibial tuberosity and she's the first one to say then she'd say t i b i a l t v r uh t u d e r tuber r o c i t i right and if it's got if something's gonna be capitalized you tell me say capitalize okay ready name okay a few people said lateral meniscus that's good how do you i know i know you know how to spell lateral wait are we raising our hands like this are we doing the yeah i don't know i saw a lot of hands go up so that might be kind of crazy why don't you just kind of blurt it out okay because i wouldn't even know whose hand went up first so you guys said lateral meniscus that's correct but on a test don't put lat period spell out lateral and how would you spell meniscus m-i-n-i-s-c-u-s that's right okay um all right i'm gonna use a heart because the green is hard to see name that ligament mcl lcl lcl aka fcl yeah lcl but lcl i don't want you to call it that unfortunately even though most people do we want to try to get away from the radiation so it's lateral collateral ligament but what's another name for it fibular collateral right yeah it's kind of uh sometimes i almost want to say because acl mcl pcl and uh and lcl are seen so much that i almost want to just allow you to answer that on a test but that's just going to stick to no radiation because then we're going to have a problem because everybody will start abbreviating everything you know so just go ahead and start out but yeah they use the abbreviation very much so all right let's see all right people's attention the question no you gotta wait for the question i thought you were just asking in general well because because he's doing a lot of things this movement platform plantar flexion okay plantar is p-l-a-n-t-a-r right yes sir his toes are what a full of fungus are they extended they're flat they're pretty neutral to me they're pretty neutral however they are what so is it safe to say at the neutral just anatomical position they're naturally adducted uh yeah they are but you but but you but but don't give me all that as an answer just say they are adductors right just for clarification things right uh what is this bump right here lateral malleolus oh see see what bone is that horse and the bone has a lot of the fibula what species of fungus is on that toenail you think i would ask you that yeah [Music] okay you need two things for two turns for that movement crony pronation supination oh this direction says chrome i think we're doing both no just arrow pronation and medial rotation that's right all right what do you call this body region [Music] okay tell me two things that this guy's done with his pollux it's adducted well and flexed and flexed yeah yeah what about his did digits two through five what they're the same adducted and flexed uh yes yeah they are addicted to it you can't tell but i'm pretty sure that when you clench your fists your fingers are adducted you know unless you'll freak or something uh what is this guy doing with his humeric with his humerus lexing right what's this guy doing with his radius and all now what's he doing with his radius and online boxing action yeah see overall good answers i like having these kind of quizzes because if you guys are like getting all these right it gives me a good idea that i need to make this test challenging you know if you guys were all saying if you guys were all saying huh what huh now go oh my god i better dumb down this test well oh um okay now look carefully don't pay attention to this arm is this lady in the anatomical position no no no what does she have to do give me two things she has to do to get me out of the position supinate her hands right abduct her arms right good supination and a little abduction uh what did this person do not from the anatomical position but from this position go from here to here abduction okay if she was in the anatomical position what would she have done to go from there there medial rotation and further abduction exactly uh professor are you going to talk about opposition uh yeah i mentioned it uh there's not much to say about it that's just when the thumb you know opposes the other digits i don't think i have a i don't think i have an image of that what's this person doing for rotation okay this is movement this is moving around which axis longitudinal right okay what's this person doing well that's a ridiculous question he's doing all kinds of things right okay what's he doing here slightly with his toes slight dorsiflexion flexion right about here slight plantar flexion actually here where this tibia like oh slight yeah that's a slight flexion my flexion in my neck with the femur extension flexion right yeah that's right let's see what's going on with this foot okay what position [Music] well let me think about this i don't know probably a couple of things probably too much going on but if i would say to put her hair in a ponytail what was what movements would she have had to have down well she's probably there's probably a lot of ways to do a ponytail and i don't even know what they are so i'm not even asking questions but what's this person doing with her woman the ball no there is no depression no it's not depression mandible yeah it's abandonable what's she doing with her mandible protection it's a protraction what's he doing now if this guy knocked on the door say hi i'm from match where do you want to go eat what would you say chick-fil-a what would you say rachel i'll be the same chick-fil-a yep all right what if he does is he playing is he paying yeah what if he did this after you say what's this guy doing with his mandible elevation right now okay what is the name of this structure this destruction a chromium let's say i wanted you and this one i don't even think i gave you the name to that but it just showed up on the day of the test you go whoa man he didn't talk about that one some people were gonna say i'm not gonna answer that he didn't talk about it some people are gonna say he didn't talk about it but i have a brain i know how ligaments are named i'm going to name it myself go ahead what would you name it the transverse camera ligament okay that's what it's actually called now what if i were to say what is another potential name for the transverse humeral ligament this is where we go from memorizing to deduction what might be another name for the transverse humeral ligament exactly there's a star for whoever said that i know who that is because i never said it's tubercular but she knew that it's in between the tubercles so what else is it going to be called into the brochure ligament who hasn't said that caitlin caitlin put this on your refrigerator when you get home uh by the way did you just come up with that or did you listen to a recording um both well it's from the groove so well yeah yeah okay okay name this thing right here subacromial bursa right what about this okay wow i was gonna make this test a lot easier man that's good i'm gonna oh boy i'm gonna know you guys well you can make it as hard as you want i think i will all right right here famous ligament name this big hole right here the obturator foramen that's right name this structure greater trochanter right now what if i was when i was making the test i was like really tired and in my mind i thought that maybe we covered muscles but we didn't so i just said i just made a muscle right here actually let's change that let's make it from here to here because there is a muscle it goes there let's see i forgot i said i figured ah what the heck you guys you guys will figure it out and i ask you three questions give me the origin give me the insertion give me the action and then give me a possible name for this muscle what would you say what do you think the origin is um so what might be a possible name for this muslim beautiful muscle yeah people from mars yeah remember when you talk about ligaments you can say pmo femoral or femoral pupil it doesn't matter when you talk about muscles the origin always comes first uh is this muscle called the pubertal fibo femoral muscle no it could have been called that you know what it's called it's called a pectineus because there's something on here that i didn't have you guys learned it's called the pectinia line and so this is named by that so but you can fit you can tell me what this muscle does can't you what does it do adduction of what the text is like whenever you say an action you gotta tell me the bone is being adducted oh adduction of the femur yeah it's a femoral adductor exactly see we can have a test on muscles on when we get back because you kind of already know those all set you probably know all 700 muscles and you haven't even started studying them yet think about that next time you're sitting around thinking about nothing uh what is this thing called the trochanteral crest what do you think this is called this all this stuff right what is this remember it separates a uh big notch from a little notch uh the greater sciatic nerve this is the greater sciatic notch it's the lesser sciatic noise what separates the two injuries spine uh no remember remember this thing's gonna have a little spine here spine here crest bind your spine here is shield spine yeah this is the ischial spine okay what if again when i was making the test you know i was really tired and i thought maybe we talked about muscles i'm so tired and i said what's the original insertion action of this muscle you think the origin is the ilium or the femur helium what do you think this muscle does femur abduction exactly no did you say a d or a b baby abduction yeah abduction yeah this is actually a part of the gluteus minimus but you don't have to know that at this point remember there's like a minimus maximus intermedius right what's this called see i mean don't you think it's kind of cool right now that you guys are naming muscles origins and certain transactions that we haven't started studying yet yes that's a good thing professor are you insinuating though that you're going to be so tired and that these are actually going to be on the test well i have never had muscles on the first test however i've never had a group of people that answers all my questions and you still don't because we're not so you don't have the muscles on the test i'm hearing some people answer maybe it's just a few people okay i won't it's just cj okay well cj's got a high voice sometimes sometimes got a low voice but yeah no i want this too uh if there was a muscle that went from here i'm going to start talking about yes it was pissed off there will not be muscles on this stuff next muscle see next time muscles uh name yes is that the ischial spine i've got the issue that the iliac crest well this is the crust this is the spine the anterior superior iliac right that's right that's right now even though muscles will not be on this test movements will be so what if i tell you there's a muscle that goes from here to here and from here to here what do you think this muscle is going to do you know using terms like abduction adduction flexion what is it flex flex the what remember it's important because is it gonna flex the femur no it's not a muscle will have its action on wherever it inserts it originate in fact this muscle has two heads by the or two origins and sometimes we call origins heads so this is the two-headed muscle of the thigh by the way that's what i call it would that extend um the fibula and tibia well is that extension would that be medial yeah if it if it pulls on it it'll extend yeah but this is a posterior view isn't it oh you can see that there's anterior crest right so what is this muscle gonna do extend hyperextract hybrid it it it'll flex the flexibility yeah decrease the angle between the tibia and the femur that's flexion is it a hamstring it is a hamstring it's one of the hamstrings in fact it's the two-headed hamstring what do you call head cephalic what do you talk to by this is the biceps from mars it's a tibia flexor it's one of the hamstrings you have to know any of that no the only thing you have to know right now for the exam is that pulling this thing up from the back is flexion of the tibia right you might not have talked about this but you could deduce what that little thing is what you call that is it a condyle not really but it's above the condyle right condyle is this is it one of those crown things the epicon epi it's an epicondyle but is it the me or lateral epicondyle medial yeah and if you talk about the interchangeable eminence now that's going to be like in here right that's what the acl pcl our test what are two names for this valerian here it's in between the condyles olecranon fossa recognize your elbow oh sorry um inner condylar fossa right and sometimes it's called intercontinental or notch too like you guys are gonna have so much fun when you do muscles because you have found out that all the people memorizing 700 flash cards name lords and searching in action are kind of wasting their time because you can look at this muscle right now this one that i just do right here and tell me what it does just by looking at it where do you think the origin this muscle is this is the velocity of the previous trochanter the shield tuberosity what do you think this muscle does when it gets short when this pulls on this what's going to happen close it medium is it what it pulls it immediately well of course immediately it's not really a term so you mean adduction abduction adduction well the problem with that is if this thing's already in here like this there's not much that's going to pull it in right okay is there something else that it might do it's not going to push it away because muscles don't meditate who sent me your rotation gaussian dasia gets a golden star now do you have to put it on your refrigerator guys no but do you see why she said wait a second did you say media rotation i'm sorry i wasn't looking that was almost good because remember this is a posterior view right yeah and if this is pulling like this you're gonna go like next to the femur that's lateral rotation right your fingers going out like this all right if you wanted a muscle to do media rotation maybe uh yeah we have to go from the other side but this is this is pulling like this so your femur is gonna why don't you go and stand up and do lateral rotation uh christina because you're standing go back and do lateral rotation of your femur there you go i don't think you can see it i'm wearing sweats but there we saw that my rotation of your femur yeah it would be like this see right now you guys think it's medial your right because you're looking at posterior but in the anatomical position that muscle would be going like this to the femur right in that lateral rotation it's from the back right what's the name of this bone patella what type of bone is a patella that's appendicular no it is part of the appendicular skeleton but it's a special kind of bone because it's not attached to other bones it's inside a tendon sesamoid it's a sesamoid ball [Music] what are these vertebra called short little arms i probably did that uh what's the name of this it is a condyle but has a more specific name that's based on shape is that the cappy tummy it's the capitulum yeah what about this one that looks kind of like a pulley the trochlea trophy what about uh this ball the radius is the rate god i can't stay away from muscles guys there's going to be a muscle that we talk about that goes like this you're going to tell me what this muscle does it's the action of that muscle well where's the origin most likely what's most likely going to be the fixed bone that allows the insertion bone to move more cameras right this originates from the epicondyle inserts into the lateral edge of the radius what is this muscle gonna do medial rotation exactly what's another name for media rotation pronation pronation right you know what the name this muscle is called the pronator teres teres because that means uh cord that kind of looks like a cord i guess i don't you think that there might be muscle that uh originates on the oh no it goes behind the radius and kind of inserts in the radius here yeah what do you think that muscle's called it originates back here wraps around inserts into kind of the lateral front part of the radius what do you think that muscle does if this is the origin and that's the institution is that muscle through does it rotate okay which way lateral knee rotation [Music] supination supination which is lateral rotation right you know what that muscle is called from it's called the [Music] what do you think the name of this ligand is interosseus okay it is an example of an interosseous ligament and interosseous ligaments are are examples of war that's not a great color let's try this right it's a syn dysmosis which is referred intraosseous ligand right but now specifically you could name this particular syndication right this is called the radial or ligament they just in this moses right there's a muscle that goes from there and there what do you think you call that muscle where's the origin where's the insertion what's the action what's the name the coracoid process looks like the origin right insertion kind of enter your humerus what do you think is muscle down imagine it getting short production addiction uh maybe slightly you'd agree that it would be more addiction if there was a text to the insight to the medial side right would it be rotation okay uh what kind of rotation medial okay a little bit of that what else would it do flexion uh exactly collection of the humerus right what's your humor is from the uh christina my this one your humor either one sexy humorous i don't know what you want me to do like this lecture humorous okay that's not your that's your radius and all that i'm sorry i'm extra humorous uh so like we i don't know we watch the flight go ahead uh aline flex your humor but that's just contracting your muscle hey when people say flex your muscles that's just something that kids say that's not really anatomical flexing a muscle is kind of silly because you extend muscle you just shorten muscles the result is extension or flexion on the joint or bone right but uh flex the humerus well uh uh decrease the angle between the humerus and uh glenoid i mean if this is a if this is a person here and here's his shoulder and here's the humerus right you can either uh adduct it abduct it bring it forward that's flexion or pull it back that's extension right so flex the humerus okay but don't do anything to your forearm because that's confusing the issue there you go do it again that now extend your humerus there now exten flex your extend your humerus and flex your radius and ulna but move back if you can't see it extend your humerus and flux your radius and normal yeah i see what you did there now flex your humerus and extend your radius and all that [Music] what do you think this muscle's gonna do add up to your shoulders first of all so you gotta say ball okay so there's a lot of stuff going on here this is inserting on the humerus so it's gonna do something to the humerus what is it imagine a little guy a little cowboy standing over here throwing a rope and lassoing this tubercle and pulling on it what is your humorous gonna do there's not much adduction you can do because the you know the head of the humerus is in the glenoid fossa but what can you do in the humerus by pulling on it here exactly this muscle is called the subscapularis it's a medial rotator of the humans what do you think this muscle's gonna do yeah what do you call that she went like this abduction right i didn't know i was on mute yeah oh okay uh uh yeah this is a deltoid if you want your jailboat to get big buy yourself a really heavy watch and abduct a bunch of times right all right well that was good we're pretty much done uh i think that we're probably not gonna have a test tomorrow i can pretty much guarantee it in fact i will guarantee if if that one or two people try to forcing you to have a test i'll tell them i'm the boss of them i am cardiac and smooth muscle they're skeletal i don't want to hear it but that means when we meet tomorrow that means it's our review so you guys come with questions about epithelium about connective tissue about the integumentary system about proceeding corpuscles myosin's core muscles medial body planes uh ostia uh interstitial amylase circumferential romelli anything bones anything joints it's all that is on the test now it's going to be on the lecture exam but that's multiple choice it's going to be on the practical too that's pictures in the practical you might see this young lady return again and i might have a question somehow like true or false this lady's in the anatomical position say false would you go like this as an answer no because that's and false you gotta spell faults i know we're all used to you know true or false tnf but you know we've got to spell things now if you forget you put f yeah i mean i don't want i'll have to go back to all the tests and that's a pain in the butt i may start going back to the test and if i'm doing it a lot i might say i'm not doing this anymore i gave them directions i'm not doing this i'm over it so uh yeah all right so i'll see you guys at uh tomorrow 8 o'clock all right study hard bye all right see ya thank you