so we've finished the bones of the skull but before we move on to the thoracic cage in the vertebral column there are some other skeletal structures we should mention for example you've got this eye socket but what are the bones that make up the eye socket or the orbit well there's seven bones and they're shown here and you may be surprised by some of the bones in this list for example the Palatine bone which you should think of first as being a part of your hard palate inside your oral cavity well it actually reaches up and forms a very small amount of the orbit so to make sure that you know all the bones of the orbit the best thing you can do here is come up with some kind of mnemonic device and in my former life I was a zoo director so whenever I see a word with a Z and I want to come up with a mnemonic zoo is my go-to thing so minor monic these mice my demonic is this zoo people love then I just thought about some animals that zoo people love frogs snakes even and what's like a really gross animal that starts with the letter M you didn't say monkeys did you monkeys are the bomb how about maggots do people love frogs snakes even maggots because we love all animals so if you're a zoo person you can come up with your own list of animals with those letters or you know come up with your own mnemonic device or search around the internet for one we should also talk about sutures so we mentioned these briefly when we learned about sutural bones those bones that can form when for example you're you have this suit and perhaps oops the suture splits and then reconnects and leaves a little piece of bone floating within the suture line so that's a sutural bone right but the sutures are these articulation points between the bulls bones of your cranium so there's the coronal suture coronal means crown so if you think about setting a crown on someone's head that's roughly in that area the squamous suture is here and it's right next to the squamous part of the temporal bone so this is like a thin part of your skull the lambdoid suture well Lam does this Greek letter can be drawn a couple ways and that's the shape of that suture line if we could see the skull from the back we see the there'd be a shape like this and these are the lambdoid suture and finally the sagittal suture we see just a bit of it here but it separates the two parietal bones fontanelle's are these soft spots of the fetal skull and they stay soft until your kid is about 12 to 18 months or so old we mentioned fontanelle's when we discussed endochondral ossification the process by which or I should say we we learned about this during intramembranous ossification the process during which the membranes of the fetal skeleton become ossified and turn to bone well these regions here are the very last parts to become ossified especially this region here this anterior fontanelle is the one that the pediatricians are going to poke at on your kid for a couple of years to make sure that it's properly hardening over time and you also have a little posterior fontanelle one near the sphenoid bone called the sphenoidal fontanel and one near the mastoid process called the mastoid fontanel and these are going to allow that infants head to be compressed during birth which you definitely want and allow the brain to be growing rapidly inside the fetus and the infant's and the dock is wanting to make sure that those are hardening but they also poke at them because if they're sunken it could indicate that the kid is dehydrated and if they're bulging it could indicate some kind of intracranial pressure so they're also diagnostic sinuses so we have these four sinuses frontal ethmoidal sphenoidal and maxillary and there's a few places that you can see those on a diagram like this but also on some of the bones the models you can see sinuses such as the maxillary sinus shown here or on a board showing many of these structures of the nasal cavity and nearby regions will show some sinuses and then this classic Anatomy model that shows a sagittal II cut head you can see some sinuses on here as well inside your skull are some fausse these are little dished out shapes that will hold the brain so more specifically you have the anterior middle and posterior cranial fossae and you know the brains pretty lumpy and certain lumps will fall into each of these Fossey I think finally the last thing here is the hyoid bone so the hyoid bone is the only bone in your skeleton that doesn't articulate with any other bones it's just floating there and you can find this by starting at your mental region and feeling down until you feel something hard although typically it's easier to palpate your thyroid cartilage your Adam's apple and feel for this little v-shape when I stick my finger in that v-shape the top of my fingernail is touching the hyoid bone and I can find it pretty easily after that it might not feel super hard because there's going to be a bunch of muscles and connective tissue on top of it if you isolate the hyoid bone it looks kind of like this and no bhai owed boom because the other thing this kind of looks like maybe is the mandible of a fetus which that might sound crazy to you but I think every semester someone makes their wild guess on the hyoid bone and says baby mandible or fetal mandible but that's not right