Notes on Hyperthyroidism

Introduction

• Presenter: Cathy with Level Up RN
• Topic: Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid) in "Ask a Nurse"
• Key Questions Addressed:
  • Causes of hyperthyroidism
  • Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
  • Diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism

Overview of Hyperthyroidism

• Definition: A condition where the thyroid gland produces more hormones than necessary.
• Thyroid Gland: Small butterfly-shaped organ in the neck.
• Function of Thyroid Hormones:
  • Metabolism
  • Heart function
  • Digestion
  • Brain development
  • Body temperature regulation
• Effects of Excess Hormones: Speeds up various body functions.

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

• Increased appetite
• Weight loss
• Nervousness
• Sweating
• Heat intolerance
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat
• Insomnia
• Anxiety
• Hand tremor
• Protruding eyes
• High blood pressure
• Increased bowel movements or diarrhea
• Possible goiter (enlarged thyroid gland causing neck swelling)

Causes of Hyperthyroidism

• Graves' Disease: Most common cause; an autoimmune disorder.
• Thyroid Nodules: Typically benign lumps that can become overactive.
• Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland.
• Medication Overdose: Too high a dose of thyroid hormone medication for hypothyroidism.

Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism

• Medical History and Symptom Inquiry
• Physical Exam
• Thyroid Blood Tests: TSH, T3, T4
  • TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone): Produced by the pituitary gland to prompt thyroid hormone production.
  • T3 and T4: Thyroid hormones.
• Indicators:
  • Decreased TSH and increased T4 are common.
  • Rare cases: Elevated TSH and T4 due to pituitary gland issues.

Treatment Options

Medications

• Beta-Blockers: Reduce symptoms like rapid heartbeat, tremors, anxiety.
• Antithyroid Medications:
  • Methimazole
  • Propylthiouracil: Reduce thyroid hormone production.
• Radioactive Iodine: Destroys thyroid hormone-producing cells; minimal effect on other organs.
  • Post-treatment requires lifelong thyroid hormone replacement.

Surgery

• Thyroidectomy: Surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
  • Post-surgery requires lifelong thyroid hormone medication.

Conclusion

• Encouragement to like the video and ask health-related questions for future episodes.
• Emphasis on staying informed and well.