Physics Final Review Lecture Notes

Key Concepts to Review

1. Newton's Laws of Motion

• First Law (Law of Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
• Second Law: Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma).
• Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

2. Energy and Work

• Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion, calculated as KE = 1/2 mv².
• Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position, PE = mgh (mass x gravity x height).
• Work-Energy Principle: Work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.

3. Momentum

• Linear Momentum: Product of mass and velocity, p = mv.
• Conservation of Momentum: In a closed system, momentum is conserved.

4. Waves and Sound

• Wavelength, Frequency, and Speed: c = λv (speed of light = wavelength x frequency).
• Doppler Effect: Change in frequency or wavelength due to relative motion of source and observer.

5. Electricity and Magnetism

• Ohm's Law: Voltage equals current times resistance (V=IR).
• Coulomb's Law: Force between two charges varies inversely with the square of the distance between them.

6. Thermodynamics

• First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
• Second Law: Entropy of an isolated system always increases.

Important Formulas

• Acceleration: a = Δv/Δt
• Density: ρ = m/V
• Force: F = ma

Study Tips

• Focus on understanding the principles behind formulas.
• Practice problems to apply concepts.
• Use flashcards for memorizing key formulas and terms.

Additional Resources

• Review class notes and textbooks.
• Attend study groups for collaborative learning.
• Utilize online platforms for additional practice questions.