Understanding Shock: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

• Evan, the Paramedic Coach: Presenter of the video.
• Objective: Break down every type of shock.

Types of Shock

1. Cardiogenic Shock

• Cause: Heart failure (CHF) or Myocardial Infarction (MI).
• Mechanism: Heart fails as a pump due to weakness or blockage.
  • CHF: Heart too weak, leads to low blood pressure and hypoperfusion.
  • MI: Blocked coronary artery results in heart muscle death, causing shock.
• Key Point: Cardiogenic shock is the heart's fault.

2. Obstructive Shock

• Definition: Something obstructs blood flow.
• Examples:
  • Pulmonary Embolism: Blood flow blocked in pulmonary artery.
  • Tension Pneumothorax: Pressure buildup obstructs heart function.
  • Cardiac Tamponade: Pressure around heart obstructs function.
• Key Point: Not caused by heart failure, but by an external obstruction.

3. Distributive Shock

• Subtypes: Sepsis, Neurogenic, Anaphylaxis.
• Common Feature: Abnormal vasodilation, lack of natural epi/norepinephrine compensation.
• Treatment: Often requires vasopressors.

Subtypes of Distributive Shock

• Sepsis: Bacterial infection in the blood, common sources are lungs (pneumonia) and UTIs.
• Anaphylaxis: Severe allergic reaction affecting multiple body systems (e.g., skin, respiratory, GI).
• Neurogenic: Affects brain and spinal cord, leading to shock.

4. Hypovolemic Shock

• Definition: Loss of blood volume.
• Causes:
  • Trauma: Major bleeding, internal bleeding from accidents.
  • Dehydration: Loss of body fluids, especially important in pediatrics.
• Key Point: Classic type of shock, often associated with bleeding or fluid loss.

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