Lecture 15: Genome Evolution and Multigene Families

Key Topics Covered

• Genome Evolution: A detailed exploration of how genomes change over time, including mechanisms of mutation, selection, and genetic drift.
• Multigene Families: Understanding what constitutes a multigene family and their role in genome evolution.

Important Details

Genome Evolution

• Mechanisms:
  • Mutation: Changes in the DNA sequence that can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful.
  • Selection: Process by which certain traits become more common within a population due to better survival or reproduction.
  • Genetic Drift: Random changes in allele frequencies, especially in small populations.
• Impact on Species: How genome evolution contributes to species adaptation and diversity.

Multigene Families

• Definition: Groups of related genes that arise through duplication and divergence.
• Functions:
  • Provide genetic redundancy and the potential for new functions.
  • Play a role in the adaptation and evolution of organisms.
• Examples: Discuss examples of multigene families in humans and other organisms.

Conclusion

• Genome evolution is a complex process influencing biodiversity and organismal adaptation.
• Multigene families illustrate how genetic duplication and divergence drive evolutionary innovation.

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Note: For more detailed reading and resources, refer to the course materials on the Newcastle University Canvas platform.