Lecture Notes on OOPs (Object-Oriented Programming Systems)

Introduction

• OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming Systems.
• Central concept: Objects that combine data and methods.

Key Concepts

Classes and Objects

• Classes: Blueprints for creating objects (e.g., Car class).
  • Contain methods and properties.
• Objects: Instances of classes (e.g., MyCar, YourCar).

Encapsulation

• Bundling of data and methods that operate on the data.
• Restricts direct access to some of an object's components.

Inheritance

• Mechanism where a new class can inherit properties and methods of an existing class.
• Promotes code reusability.

Polymorphism

• Ability to present the same interface for different data types.
• Example: A function that can take different types of arguments.

Abstraction

• Hiding complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features of an object.

Benefits of OOPs

• Modularity: Source code can be written and maintained independently.
• Reusability: Objects and functions can be reused across different programs.
• Efficiency: Easier to manage and understand complex code.

Common Terminology

• Method: Function defined inside a class.
• Attribute: Variable defined inside a class.
• Constructor: Special method called when an object is instantiated.

Best Practices

• Use access modifiers to control the visibility of class members.
• Keep classes focused on a single responsibility.
• Favor composition over inheritance.

Conclusion

• OOPs is a programming paradigm centered around objects rather than actions.
• It is widely used in software development for building scalable and maintainable applications.