Python Syntax Overview

Introduction

Overview of Python syntax
Python Shell: Represented by >>>, code runs individually
Program Code: No angle brackets, runs all at once

Basic Math

Standard operations: Addition, multiplication, division
Parentheses for order of operations

Strings

Concatenation: "hello" + "world"
Repeat strings: "hello" * 3 → hellohellohello
Define variable: spam = "hello"
Comments: # single line and ''' multi-line '''
Print: print("hello", spam)
Input: input("Enter your name: ")
Formatting: ",".format(variable)
Length: len("hello") → 5
Type Conversion: str(5), int(5.0)

Operators

Equality: ==, !=
Boolean: is, is not, and, or

Conditionals

if name == "Alice": print("Hi Alice")

if-else:

if name == "Alice":
    print("Hi Alice")
else:
    print("Hello stranger")

elif (else-if):

if name == "Alice":
    print("Hi Alice")
elif name == "Bob":
    print("Hi Bob")
else:
    print("Hello stranger")

Loops

While Loops

Basic:

while spam < 5:
    print(spam)
    spam += 1

Infinite:

while True:
    if condition:
        break

For Loops

Basic: for i in range(5): print(i)
Range: range(start, stop, step)

Modules

Import: import random
Import All: from random import *

Functions

Define:

def hello(name):
    print("Hello", name)

Return Value:

def get_answer(number):
    return "Yes"

Lists

Create: spam = ["cat", "bat", "rat"]
Access: spam[0] → cat, spam[-1] → rat
Slices: spam[0:2] → ['cat', 'bat']
Copy: spam_copy = spam[:]
Append: spam.append("dog")
Sort: spam.sort()

Dictionaries

Create:

spam = {"size": "fat", "color": "gray"}

Access: spam["size"] → fat
Methods: .keys(), .values(), .items(), get(), setdefault()

Tuples

Immutable lists: t = (1, 2, 3)
Conversion: list(t), tuple(spam)

Sets

Create: set(), {1, 2, 3}
Methods: .add(), .update(), .remove(), .discard(), .union(), .intersection(), .difference(), .symmetric_difference()

Comprehensions

List: [i-1 for i in a]
Set: {s.upper() for s in b}
Dictionary: {k: v for k, v in d.items()}

Strings

Escape characters: \n, \', \t
Raw strings: r"\n"
Multi-line: '''text'''
Slicing: spam[0:5], spam[:5], spam[5:]
Methods: .upper(), .lower(), .startswith(), .endswith(), .join(), .split(), .strip()

Error Handling

Try-Except:

try:
    1/0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Error")

Finally:

try:
    pass
finally:
    print("Always executed")

Lambda Functions

Simple: lambda x, y: x + y
No name: (lambda x, y: x + y)(5, 3)

Miscellaneous

Ternary: print('kid') if age < 18 else print('adult')
*args and **kwargs: Allows variable number of arguments
Exception raising: raise Exception("Error message")

Logging:

import logging
logging.basicConfig()
logging.debug('message')

Main check:
```
if __name__ == "__main__":
    pass
```

Summary

Basics of Python syntax in various aspects
Mention of classes and objects in another resource

Note: Explore more on advanced topics like classes and objects for a complete understanding of Python.

Additional Resources

Check the pinned comment for more insights on Python.

🌟 Happy Coding! 🌟

Emoji

:snake: For Python (symbolizes the Python language)