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Neuroanatomy Lab Lecture Notes
Jul 10, 2024
Neuroanatomy Laboratory Overview
Introduction
Purpose: Understanding brain connectivity for neurological localization
Goal: Determine where in the brain a disease process is occurring
Surface Anatomy of the Brain
Coverings removed
: Leptomeninges (pia and arachnoid)
Major Structures
:
Lobes
: Temporal, frontal
Brainstem
: Extends from a specific region to where the spinal cord attaches
Cerebellum
: Involved in coordinated motor control
Cerebral Cortex
: Surface visible
Ventral Surface
Prominent features
:
Temporal lobe
Undersurface of the frontal lobe
Cranial Nerves
: Visual optic and sensory (trigeminal) nerve
Blood Vessels
: Basilar artery, internal carotid artery
Later to discuss:
Medulla, pons, midbrain (components of the brainstem)
Lateral Surface
Lobes
: Temporal, frontal, parietal
Sulci and Gyri
:
Sulci: Grooves
Gyri: Coiled surface structures
Central Sulcus
: Separates frontal (motor cortex) from parietal (sensory cortex)
Frontal Lobe
:
Superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyrus
Precentral gyrus
: Motor cortex
Broca's Area
: Production of speech, mainly in left hemisphere
Functions: Motor function, executive functions (planning, judgment)
Parietal Lobe
: Separated from occipital by an arbitrary line
Sensory integration, somatic sensation, higher order function
Occipital Lobe
: Visual information processing
Temporal Lobe
:
Auditory processing
Wernicke's Area
: Language comprehension
Hippocampus
: Forming new memories (not visible here)
Brain Hemispheres and Connections
Corpus Callosum
: Fibers connecting hemispheres
Coronal Section
Structures
:
Differentiate gyri (gray matter) and sulci (white matter)
Thalamus
: Deep structure
Temporal Lobe
: Can see lateral fissure
Insula
: Cortex buried under temporal and parietal lobes
Hippocampus
: Involved in memory, in medial temporal lobe
Ventricles
: Holes filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Leptomeninges
: Covering the brain
Brainstem and Cerebellum
Brainstem components
: Medulla, pons, midbrain
Thalamus
: Deep structure
Ventures
: Contain cerebrospinal fluid
Vessels
: Anterior cerebral artery
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