Flashcards for:
Plant Tissues and Animal Tissues

The epidermis serves as the outermost protective layer, prevents water loss (cuticle), and facilitates gas exchange (stomata). In roots, it differentiates to form root hairs for water absorption. It is also replaced by cork cells containing suberin in older plants.

Highly active with dense cytoplasm, prominent nucleus, thin cell walls, and lack vacuoles.

Blood consists of RBCs (carry oxygen), WBCs (fight infection), and platelets (clotting); it transports nutrients, gases, and waste.

Apical Meristem (found at tips of stem and root), Lateral Meristem (found in cork cambium and vascular cambium), Intercalary Meristem (found at the base of leaves and nodes in monocots like grass).

Areolar tissue fills spaces between organs, repairs tissues, and wraps blood vessels and nerves.

Photosynthesis (chlorenchyma), food storage, and buoyancy in aquatic plants (aerenchyma).

Ciliated columnar epithelium consists of columnar cells with cilia that help move mucus, commonly found in the respiratory tract.

Cardiac muscles are branched, single-nucleus cells that are striated but function involuntarily; they are found in the heart and are responsible for heartbeats.

Simple Squamous Epithelium: Thin, flat cells, lining vessels and alveoli for material exchange. Cuboidal Epithelium: Cube-shaped cells, lining kidney tubules and ducts for secretion and absorption. Columnar Epithelium: Column-like cells, lining the stomach and intestines for secretion and absorption.

Adipose tissue stores fat, provides insulation, and is found under the skin and around organs.

Ligaments are elastic tissues connecting bones, while tendons are strong, slightly flexible tissues connecting muscles to bones.

Nervous tissue is composed of neurons, which include cell body, nucleus, dendrites, and axon; their main function is transmitting nerve impulses and responding to stimuli.

Xylem is composed of tracheids, vessels, parenchyma, and fibers; its primary function is the transport of water and minerals.

Phloem is responsible for transporting food from the leaves to other parts of the plant and consists of sieve cells, tubes, companion cells, fibers, and parenchyma.

Collenchyma consists of living, elongated cells with irregular thickenings providing flexibility and mechanical support. Sclerenchyma consists of long, narrow, dead cells with thick cell walls (lignin) providing mechanical strength.