Lecture on Types of Matter

Introduction to Matter

• Definition: Anything that has mass and occupies space.
• Forms of Matter: Commonly divided into three phases.

Phases of Matter

• Solid:
  • Fixed shape and volume.
  • Particles touching and do not move.
• Liquid:
  • Fixed volume but no fixed shape.
  • Molds to container.
  • Particles touching but move fluidly.
• Gas:
  • No fixed volume or shape.
  • Completely fills container.
  • Particles far apart, move freely, seldom touch.

Changes in Matter

• Physical Change:
  • Chemical composition remains unchanged.
  • Example: Ice melting into water.
• Chemical Change:
  • Chemical composition changes; new substances form.
  • Example: Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas combining to form water.

Pure Substances and Mixtures

• Pure Substance:
  • Cannot be separated by physical processes.
  • Molecules: Multiple connected atoms.
  • Element: Cannot be broken down further by physical or chemical means.
  • Compound: Made of two or more elements that can be separated by chemical means.
• Mixture:
  • Made of two or more pure substances; separable by physical processes.
  • Homogeneous Mixture: Substances distributed evenly (e.g., sugar in water).
  • Heterogeneous Mixture: Substances not distributed evenly (e.g., oil in water).

Summary

• Pure substances can be elements or compounds.
• Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.

Comprehension Check

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