Lecture on Foot and Ankle Joints

Introduction

• Topic: Foot and Ankle Joints
• Presented by: Dr. Jacob Gooden
• Reference: Manual of Structural Kinesiology by Arty Floyd
• Final section in structural kinesiology overview

Overview of Foot and Ankle Complex

• Composed of 26 bones, 19 large muscles, and over 100 ligaments
• Importance of proper foot mechanics for support and propulsion
• Foot trouble common due to everyday use
• No substitute for muscular strength and proper mechanics

Walking Gait Phases

• Phases:
  • Heel Strike
  • Loading Response
  • Mid Stance
  • Terminal Stance
  • Toe Off (Pre-swing)
• Swing Phase: Repositioning of foot
• Foot Mechanics:
  • Supination during heel strike
  • Pronation during mid stance
  • Return to supination during toe off
• Pronation is necessary but overpronation can lead to issues

Running Gait

• Foot pre-tensing before foot strike for a spring-like action
• Minimal foot activity during swing phase when walking
• Differences between walking and running gait

Race Walking

• Unique sport with rules requiring one foot on the ground at all times
• Mechanics adapted to increase speed without breaking rules

Anatomy of the Foot

• Divisions:
  • Rearfoot: Calcaneus, Talus
  • Midfoot: Navicular, Cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral), Cuboid
  • Forefoot: Metatarsals, Phalanges
• Joints:
  • MP (Metatarsal Phalangeal)
  • DIP (Distal Interphalangeal)
  • PIP (Proximal Interphalangeal)
• Arches:
  • Medial Longitudinal Arch
  • Lateral Longitudinal Arch
  • Transverse Arch

Important Bony Landmarks

• Distal Malleolus of the tibia and fibula
  • Serve as pulleys for tendons
• Base of the Fifth Metatarsal
  • Insertion for peroneus brevis and tercius
  • Susceptible to fractures like Jones fracture

Conclusion

• This lecture provided an introduction to foot and ankle structures
• Upcoming topics: Joint movements in foot and ankle