foreign and in our class today we are going to be recalling and learning the chapter life processes and we will do the whole chapter just under 45 minutes now we know that life process is a very big chapter and of course on a board examination front this chapter is very very important so everybody please make sure that you have your notebooks and pens ready with you if not have your textbooks open with you and a pencil in your hand so that you can make a note of all the important pointers that I'm going to be discussing in today's class so everybody please make sure that you quickly like this video you hit that subscribe button because trust me by choose 9 and 10 has gotten super serious when it comes to your board exams and as a part of revising all of your important chapters we are going to be coming up with some wonderful Series right so please make sure you do not forget to like this video And subscribe it's very very important and like in every class I tell you let's have a target of maybe having 100 or 200 likes let's aim for that right so let's aim for having 100 likes on this video yes if not 100 let's go for 200 likes on this video by the end of today's class yes so in 45 minutes we also have a target of hitting 200 likes so do not forget to share this video yes good evening to all my bachas I can see a lot of new faces in the chat some old regular students as well so good evening to everybody yes thank you so much to everyone here yes all right so very quickly everybody I hope my audio my video and my screen and what I've been writing on the screen is visible to all of you if it is please do give me a quick thumbs up yes give me a quick thumbs up in the chat but Charles and we're gonna get started okay yes and remember we want to hit 200 likes in 45 minutes it's going to be a new Target that we are setting for ourselves and of course doing a lot of learning in the meanwhile so do not forget to like the video yes and keep telling your friends whoever keep joining in in today's class please make sure that you tell them as well now in the live chat I request all of you to be maintaining decorum of class do not get distracted because of course as you know our chat moderator will block you or time you out and later please don't complain okay thank you so much Ajay Kumar I hope you have subscribed to the channel and I hope you love learning right and as you all know yes we have amazing classes in store for you as of now the most important set of classes we're doing is chapter revision under 45 minutes and 1000 pyqs in 50 days right so we have this target set for us and apart from this we have our board examination prep going very strong we will be doing one shots marathons practice is all of it coming only in your baiju's 9th and 10th grade channel so do not but just do not forget to subscribe okay very very important right subscribe to this video like this video yes so now of course I'm not going to spend too much time I'm going to get started right now there are few things that I need you all to remember in this class and if any new students new friends come into our class tell them as well now because we have an aim of completing the whole chapter in 45 minutes I will not be taking any questions mid explanation right so what I will do is I will have a doubt board towards the end okay so a doubt board is going to be there towards the end of the class so what I need you all to do is to write down your doubts or write down the parts where you did not understand and I will explain that yes and simultaneously make sure you have your textbooks with you or have your note books and friends with you so that you can make a mark right please make sure that you make a note of the pointers that I tell you about and I will be discussing Concepts that are relevant on a board examination front so I need 45 minutes of your time undivided attention Okay undivided attention into what I am speaking what I am explaining what I am revising right because life process is not a chapter that you are going to read for the first time right but live chapter is going to be a chapter we will keep revising until we learn right and for those of you who might be feeling ma'am I might be wasting my time trust me you will not be wasting your time you will definitely be learning and revising yes so everybody please make sure these are things I'm telling you now only so that later on when you ask me Midway why you didn't do this why you didn't do that I'm letting you know right this is how we're going to do it so let's get started everybody with live processes so what do we mean by live processes right so we know that live processes are nothing but those processes that are needed for the maintenance of our body and for the survival right so whether we are just simply sitting or we're walking around doing any activity we know that there are some processes that need to happen at all times so how do we Define life processes they can be simply defined as the basic processes that are necessary for survival right and of course there are important life processes that we know but in this chapter we are covering four important life processes that is nutrition respiration transportation and excretion so let's get started with nutrition now we know that for any activity to happen in our body there needs to be a fuel that drives our body and food that we eat is the fuel that drives our body and how do we obtain this food we obtain it by nutrition right so what how can we Define nutrition nutrition can be simply defined as the mode of intake of food and it's utilization right so that is how we Define nutrition now we know that there are two modes of nutrition where we have autotrophic mode of nutrition and we have heterotrophic mode of nutrition now autotrophic mode of nutrition is one wherein organisms have the ability to prepare their own food right they're not dependent on anybody else they can prepare their own food from simple inorganic substances right so from simple inorganic substances they are able to prepare their own food while in the case of heterotrophic mode of nutrition we see that these guys or these organisms that exhibit this are dependent on other organisms for their mode of nutrition yes so now when we talk about autotrophic mode of organisms and those that prepare their own food we know that these are nothing but the green plants and green plants prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis yes so they prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis now how can we Define this process of photosynthesis it is the process by which carbon dioxide and water will combine in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll giving us glucose right or it produces glucose and it gives out oxygen as a byproduct along with some amount of water now it is important to balance out the equation as well so here I'm quickly balancing it out as well right so you need to have a balanced equation right now how does this happen how does this process of photosynthesis take place it takes place in three steps right so the first step is where there is absorption of light energy by chlorophyll now we know that we have the raw materials that are there which are your carbon dioxide and water right now carbon dioxide that is there is present in the atmosphere and carbon dioxide enters into the plants through these small tiny pores called as stomata right so we know that stomata are small tiny pores which are present on the underside of the leaves and they enter in through there and we also know that water that is there is absorbed by the roots and it is transported to the upper Parts through the xylem right and we know that the xylem will transport it and they will reach the leaves now once it is reached we also know that sunlight is extremely essential yes and this chlorophyll that is there will absorb the sunlight and this light energy that is there is converted into chemical energy starting with the splitting of water molecules into water and oxygen and we see that this hydrogen also that give is released out right that is there so this is not water and oxygen but it is of course we have hydrogen and hydroxyl and then of course we know that reduction of carbon dioxide takes place into carbohydrates right so these are the three steps that are there and that's how at the end of it we get glucose now glucose is necessary for producing energy and carrying out various other activities and we see that excess of glucose that is there is then converted into starch and this right here is how it is stored in the plant body so this right here is a quick synopsis of what is photosynthesis and the important pointers you must be able to go right now on the other hand as you know right we know that we also need to have an understanding of this so that experiments related to photosynthesis can be easy yes so now let's move on to heterotrophic mode of nutrition now talking about heterotrophic mode of nutrition we know that there are various modes of heterotrophic mode of nutrition or different types of heterotrophic mode of nutrition so in this case we see that there is saprophytic mode of nutrition parasitic mode and holozoic mode right so what is saprophytic mode of nutrition in saprophytic mode of nutrition we know that these are organisms that feed on dead and decaying organisms and here we see that these organisms will release certain enzymes or they will release certain chemicals outside their body they will break down the food outside their body and then they will absorb it right so normally we observe that organisms like fungi exhibit this mode of nutrition then of course as you know we have parasitic mode of nutrition where there are animals like cakes or tapeworms and then of course we have plants like a scooter which are found to be dependent on another organism entirely and they take the nutrition from the host organism and here as you know this this organism that is deriving the nutrition is called as a parasite and the organism from which it is taking its food is called as a host organism and this mode of nutrition is parasitic right so now as we know this is all about sarprotrophic and parasitic now in holozoic mode of nutrition we see that organisms will take in their food right so they will ingest the food and then they will break down the food within their body so breakdown happens internally right and this mode of nutrition is what we call as holozoic mode of nutrition so are we clear so far everybody give me a quick thumbs up in the chat are we clear yes this is a live class but first we are going to recall the concepts whatever doubts you have please make sure you write it down and towards the end I will clarify your doubts okay so please make sure that you keep listening to what I am saying and whatever doubts that are there I will keep clarifying it towards the end yes and again a quick reminder I see a lot of you saying see you again like I told you you have to write your answers in English okay and you start you need to become more and more comfortable with English right so I will primarily teach in English and later on whatever you have not understood in the end I will teach in Hindi okay keep this in mind and we're going to move on yes very good butchers very good so now let's move on to holozoic mode of nutrition in great detail right so in holozoic mode of nutrition we know that there are five steps of nutrition where we have index in ingestion digestion absorption assimilation and ejection now ingestion is nothing but taking in of food right so taking in of food and digestion is a very important definition that you need to know so what does digestion digestion is nothing but the breakdown of complex substances or complex substances in food into simple soluble forms right so that is what we mean by digestion it is the breakdown of complex substances in food into simple soluble forms and once it is broken down into simple soluble forms it is then absorbed into the body and then it is assimilated or it is utilized right and finally whatever undigested part is there it is removed out by the process of ejection now holozoic amount of nutrition is something we see both in amoeba unicellular organisms like amoeba and in multicellular organisms and like in our case in humans right so these are the two cases that we've learned about now in the case of amoeba right so when we talk about amoeba things you need to remember we know that there is usage of pseudopodia in the formation of a food vacuole so that's how they ingest their food then we know that a food vacuole is formed when digestion takes place and at the end of the day it is then uh you know the food vacuole will release out the digestive substances and then it's transported to different parts and of course whatever is not necessary is adjusted out right so that is what you need to know about amoeba two things pseudopodia and food vacuole are the things you need to know now of course when we go ahead and we start looking at holozoic mode of nutrition in organisms Like Us in humans we know that we have a digestive system that helps us to do all of these steps right and we know that the digestive system that is there has two parts we know that there is an elementary canal and then of course we know that there is also the accessory glass right so we have the elementary Canal or the associated glands or the accessory glass now when we talk about the elementary Canal it starts with the buccal cavity right now your buccal cavity mainly includes two things yes I mean three things your buccal cavity includes teeth tongue and saliva now the tea that are there will help in cutting and biting the food and chewing it and breaking it down physically then you have the tongue that helps in moving the food and mixing the food with saliva and we know that the saliva that is there is produced by the salivary glands right now there are three pairs of salivary glands and we know that saliva is a watery fluid which also has an enzyme now what is an enzyme I'm sure all of you must be asking this so I'm writing this definition down at the bottom now an enzyme is nothing but a biocatalyst that means that an enzyme will increase the rate of a chemical reaction but it will not get involved in it right and because it has it's present in our body we call it as a bio Catalyst now in saliva we see that there is salivary amylase which is present right and we see that this salivary amylase that is there is responsible for breaking down starch into simpler sugars mind you I am not saying simple sugar I am saying simpler sugars right and we see that this breakdown starts from our mouth itself right and we see that the saliva I mean the tongue will then bind the chewed food and the saliva resulting in the formation of a bolus and once we swallow it it will then move on to the next part which is the esophagus or the food pipe right and we know that from the food pipe it will then go on to the splaten J shape structure called as stomach now the movement of food along the elementary Canal right so the movement of food along the elementary Canal happens by a process process of pedestalysis right what is peristalsis peristalsis is the movement by which there is it which is caused by the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscles which results in a wave-like motion right so that is what we mean by it and we see that through peristalsis it will move throughout the elementary Canal now once it has reached the stomach right once it has reached the stomach we know that the stomach will now secrete some juices and we call this as the gastric juices that are there now the gastric juices has three things we have hydrochloric acid there is mucus and there is an enzyme which is known as pepsin now the hydrochloric acid that is there will destroy any unwanted particle that has entered along with the food and of course it will activate the enzyme pepsin now mucus will protect the inner Linings of the stomach from the acid and we see that pepsin will act on proteins and it will facilitate the breakdown into smaller proteins right or what we call as peptides and we know that here it will take you know it will churn the food for about three to four hours right and from here it will then move on to the intestine now once it moves on to the intestine we see that the initial the intestine I mean the next part it will go to is the small intestine right and the initial part of the small intestine will receive secretion from pancreas as well as liver and gallbladder now here we see that the liver that is there will produce something called as bile juice now bile juice has two things to do right so bile juice will also provide or make the medium alkaline for the acting of the pancreas the juices I mean the enzymes which are present in the pancreas right and we also see that it facilitates a process called as emulsification now what is emulsification emulsification is nothing but the conversion of large droplets of fat into simple or smaller droplets to be precise right understand that this is not a digestion process right large droplets of fat size wise that are there are getting broken down into smaller droplets and this is what we understand as emulsification and emulsification is extremely necessary because enzymes that act on fat cannot act on it until it has been emulsified right so this is a very very important step now we also see that it receives secretion from pancreas right now we know that pancreas are responsible for producing pancreatic juice right and what is present in this pancreatic juice pancreatic juice has many enzymes in it okay there are many many enzymes and our board examination front you don't need to learn all of the names but what you need to know is that these enzymes will act on carbohydrates right it will act on proteins and they will act on fats okay this is something that you need to know this is what the pancreas and the pancreatic juice do and we also know that there is gallbladder and we know that gallbladder will do what gallbladder will store the excess bile right so whatever excess bile that is produced by the liver it will store it so this is what the function is okay now from here of course in the small intestine complete digestion of food takes place right so complete digestion of food takes place and of course we know that in the inner Linings of the small intestine we have finger like projections called as Villi that will absorb this right it will absorb the digested food and then it will transport it so we also know that will I are richly supplied with blood vessels and it will through the blood the digested food is then transported to different parts of our body where it is utilized now whatever unwanted part that is there the undigested food that is there will I mean the remaining part will go into the large intestine and in the large intestine water and some necessary substances are reabsorbed and undigested food food is removed out through the anus right so with this if you see we've had a quick revision of nutrition right and I know we've taken 15 minutes into this but nonetheless I hope now we are clear and we have only discussed points that are necessary on a board examination front so now what we are going to do is we will go ahead and have a look at respiration again I can see lot of doubts coming in the chat but just keep writing your doubts in your notebook together I will clarify it in the end okay and in the meanwhile keep liking this video do not forget to like right all right so now we will move on to respiration right now what is respiration that is there respiration is nothing but the breakdown of glucose in order to release energy right so if we need to carry out any activity right whatever activity is there whether it's a physical activity or it's a chemical activity which is there within our body it requires energy and our body is able to achieve this energy by carrying out the process of respiration and since this process of respiration happens inside the cell we call it as cellular respiration right so we call this process as cellular respiration okay now when we talk about respiration we know that in respiration there is Blake breakdown of glucose now glucose right here is a six carbon molecule okay remember this glucose is a six carbon molecule and it's not that when I say breakdown of glucose to release energy it is a single step process there are many steps that keep taking place all right many many steps that are there now one thing is that the first thing that happens is glucose will first get converted into something known as pyruvate okay and we see that this conversion or this process of conversion of glucose into pyruvate takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell all right so this happens in the cytoplasm remember this write it down somewhere you might get this question in your boats right conversion of glucose into pyruvate happens in the cytoplasm now most often than not right in our body we see that this glucose gets broken down into pyruvate and then this pyruvate is taken to where it is taken to the mitochondria which is called as the PowerHouse of the cell right it's a cell organelle where this is completely broken down in order to release energy and we see that this energy is released in the form of ATP what is ATP ATP is adenosine try phosphate right ATP is adenosine triphosphate now as you know right as you know what happens is that this complete breakdown is taking place in the presence of oxygen right and which is why we call this mode of respiration as aerobic respiration yes so this is what we call as aerobic respiration because the breakdown is taking place in the presence of oxygen now at times in our body it can also happen in anaerobic conditions right or in the lack of oxygen or in the temporary absence of it right so in anaerobic condition it is happening due to lack or temporary absence and as a result in our muscle cells especially during extreme activities or you know when doing strenuous physical activity pyruvate will then get converted into lactic acid and then release energy but this is relatively lesser amount of energy now we also see anaerobic respiration taking place and other organisms like yeast where we see that glucose will be broken down releasing ethanol and when ethanol or alcohol is produced carbon dioxide site is also released and it gives out energy and this process of anaerobic respiration when it is carried out by yeast it is called as fermentation very good very good so this is about the basics of a respiration and the types of respiration now we need to focus on aerobic respiration especially in our body now in aerobic respiration we also see that oxygen is a key factor now we know where glucose is coming from glucose is coming from the digested food and it is transported to the cells but where is this oxygen coming from oxygen is a gas which is present on our surroundings right which is why we have a human respiratory system that facilitates the intake of this air that is rich in oxygen and it makes sure that our cells have oxygen for this process right now in this case if you see we see that the human respiratory system starts with the nostrils now what are nostrils nostrils are nothing but two openings which are present in our nose and through the nose nostrils it will enter into the nasal cavity right and the inner Linings of the nasal cavity have hair and it produces mucus and it traps any unwanted substances which might enter along with the air okay and from here we know that it will then move on to pharynx which is a common opening and then it will move on to the larynx which is the voice box then it will go into the trachea which is also known as the wind pipe and here we see that it will bifurcate into bronchi right single term is bronchus plural is bronchi okay and then it will enter into these spongy structures called as lungs now the bronchi inside will keep bifurcating further and further ending in air satellite structures known as alveoli right so going back quickly it ends in alveoli now these alveoli that are there are rich or you know balloon-like structures which are richly supplied with blood vessels okay so we see that they are literally supplied with blood vessels now when we breathe in Air okay or when we take in air air that enters is rich in oxygen all right so we see that it is rich in oxygen but the blood that comes to the alveoli we see that that is more rich in carbon dioxide okay so we see that this right here will have more amount of carbon dioxide that is bringing the carbon dioxide that it brings from different cells yes so inside the alveoli we see that there is more oxygen and we see that there is more carbon dioxide in the blood and by the process of diffusion right we see that oxygen and carbon dioxide move so oxygen moves from alveoli into blood vessels while carbon dioxide moves from blood vessels into the alveoli and this process is what we call as diffusion where there is movement of substances from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration right so this is our week no and here of course we know that the blood that is there has red blood cells right and we know that red blood cells are what is responsible for transporting oxygen yes and these red blood cells have a pigment called as hemoglobin that have high Affinity to oxygen and that is how they are able to transport it and normally the carbon dioxide that is there is because it is easily dissolvable in water it is transported by the blood okay all right so now of course as you know once this happens all this carbon dioxide is then expelled out now we know that air entering and leaving the body is what we call as inhalation and exhalation right and we know that this inhalation and exhalation happens by the process of breathing so when we breathe in we know that there is a muscular Dome shaped structure called as diaphragm which is responsible for separating the thoracic cavity or I'll simply say the chest cavity and the abdomen right it is responsible for separating these two now when we inhale right we see that the diaphragm will contract and move downwards and we know that the ribcage will move outwards and as a result air will enter but when we exhale nor in order to Exhale the diaphragm will go upwards the ribcage will come inwards and of course we see that we will be able to Exhale out so these are the basics that you need to understand about mechanism of breathing and one more pointer on an examination front that you need to know is difference in breathing rate between terrestrial and aquatic organisms everybody in your textbooks please make a note of this star mark this okay so when we talk about terrestrial and Aquatic we know aquatic organisms like fishes don't have lungs but we know that instead they have something known as gills right and we know that these gills of course help in this process now we see that the breathing rate in aquatic animals is more when compared to terrestrial animals because in water the dissolved oxygen that is there is very less when compared to how much oxygen we would find in land right which is why they tend to breathe more pump a lot of blood to their body so that they have sufficient oxygen to carry it out yes very good very good so with this everybody all my bachars give me a quick thumbs up in the chat are we clear with nutrition and respiration right I am sure all of you will have good number of doubts right so are we clear are we clear give me a thumbs up just keep paying attention see today if you're not able to fall follow my Pace right later on you can re-watch this video where you you know reduce the pace and you play it slow so that you will be able to understand so don't get worked up thinking that are Imam is going very fast this is quick revision right yes wonderful bacha's wonderful so please make sure you are constantly liking this video as well do not forget to like the video do not forget to subscribe as well this is very important yes so now we are going to move on to the next one keerthi I can see all of your questions my Bacha I will answer your doubts also let me finish revising the chapter and then I will come to all of your doubts okay that's my promise to you yes okay all right now moving on to Transportation yes transportation is very simple it is one of the simpler parts and the easiest Parts also right so now if you see in nutrition we saw that there is breakdown of food substances into simpler forms so we know that all our nutrients are coming from nutrition right or we're getting it at the end from respiration we know that there you know uh there is energy which is produced and of course we also see that for this oxygen is necessary but in all cases these things need to be transported from different parts and they need to reach the cell and how is that happening that is happening by Transportation right now transportation that is there is something that we not only see in animals but we see in Plants also right so it is something we observe both in Plants as well as in humans now when we talk about transport in Plants right this is very simple and easy yes transport in Plants we know that substances that need to be transported include water right so we see that it includes water it includes minerals and it includes the food that is being produced right so now when we talk about transport of water and minerals we see that xylem is a very important structure now xylem is a complex permanent tissue that is present which is made up of different structures such as trackides vessels xylem parenchyma and xylem fibers and your track AIDS and vessels are what are mainly responsible for transport of water and minerals now we see that how is this water actually being transported right how exactly is it getting transported so now we know that water is essential for the process of photosynthesis we already know about this right so we know that water that is there is essential for photosynthesis now water of course gets absorbed by The Roots it is then transported and taken to the leaves now most often than not we see that there is excess of water that gets transported and excess water that reaches the leaf that is there we know that is removed right is removed in the form of water vapor right and we know that this process is nothing but transpiration what is transpiration removal of excess water in the form of water vapor from the aerial parts of the plant right now what happens is that when this water is removed in the form of water vapor it creates a suction pull right or it creates a suction Force kind of like how what force would get created if you take a straw and you suck the water right so if you take a straw put it in a glass of water and if you suck it that's the suction Force essentially so what happens is that this suction force is created due to transpiration which is why we also call it as the transpirational pull right so we call this as transpirational pull now as a result we know that water gets absorbed reaches the aerial parts and we know that this is how continuously water gets transported and yes transport in xylem is unidirectional and now we know why it is unidirectional right so this right here again is very very important now we also know that in the leaves right we know that there is production of food yes so food gets synthesized by the process of photosynthesis no now food that is there needs to go to the upper parts of the plant as well as the lower parts of the plant which is why we see that transport of food substances like glucose amino acids and various other substances are done by phloem and as you know phloem that is there is made up of sieve tubes companion cells phloem parenchyma and phloem fibers right so this is very very important now in the case of low M right we see that for transport of food takes place by a process known as translocation right so what is translocation it is nothing but the transport of food in transport of food through fluid right now in this case if You observe we see that energy in the form of ATP is required so energy is utilized for this process now when I was explaining transport or this transpirational pull and like how kethi has mentioned a scent of sap right so during Ascent of sap what we see is that there is no energy that is getting consumed but in this case we see that energy is getting consumed right and here of course we also see that it goes from a region of low concentration to high concentration creating an osmotic pressure so these are some few key pointers you should remember see what exactly I have told you are the key pointers you must remember when you are studying for your boards especially with respect to transport in Plants okay so this is all about how transport in Plants takes place now let's quickly move on to transport in animals and understand about how transport takes place in our body right now in our body we have an exclusive system that helps us out which is the human circulatory system right now the components of human circulatory system include three things yes so you're right we see that it includes blood it includes blood vessels and it includes the heart right now blood that is here is the fluid connective tissue yes so we see that this right here is the fluid connective tissue right and we know that blood has a fluid part which is plasma and it has various blood cells also so we have RBC we have WBC and we have platelets now the rbcs that are there are the red blood cells which are responsible for transporting oxygen right so this right here is very important now the wbcs or the white blood cells that are there are responsible for defense right so they write here this right here is very important now we have platelets now platelets play a key role in blood clotting so if at all we get an injury or we hurt ourselves then we know that it can lead to blood clotting and that is taken care of by the platelets now we also know that one of the primary functions of the blood especially is transporting oxygen gel and carbon dioxide now for this we have specialized tubes or structures which are known as blood vessels now there are three kinds of blood vessels okay so we have our trees we have veins and of course we have capillaries now the arteries are most often they're not defined as blood vessels that transports blood away from the heart to different parts of the body and mainly right most arteries are responsible for transporting oxygen rich blood or what we call as oxygenated blood okay again understand and remember I'm telling you most arteries are responsible for this and because they transport blood away from the heart right we see that they uh and because they transport blood away from the heart blood flows with very high pressure inside the arteries right and in this case we see that there are no valves or flap-like structures present in arteries now when we move on to veins right when we talk about wings we see that these are structures which bring blood from different parts of the body towards the heart okay and most veins that are there transport blood which has more carbon dioxide okay it has more carbon dioxide because it's bringing from different parts of the body right while on the other hand we see that this kind of blood is what we call as deoxygenated blood and now as you know because it's coming from different organs and not from the heart it's not emerging from the heart we see that blood flows with low pressure right and in order to prevent backflow of blood valves are present yes so these are the main points of difference between veins and arteries and this can be a question that you can get for three marks to differentiate between arteries and veins right then you have capillaries right now when we talk about capillaries yes so let me use another color so capillaries that are there are nothing but thin walled structures okay they are thin walled and they are so thin that they are just one single cell thick all right and we see that capillaries are where we observed exchange okay so exchange of gases oxygen going from the blood carbon dioxide entering into the blood all takes place at the you know capillaries right so this is the main function that you need to know with respect to capillaries so now we have looked at blood and we have looked at blood vessels now the main organ of the circulatory system that is there and you please everybody take a screenshot of this very quickly or you can come back and take a screenshot because this slide might not come back again so you can take a screenshot but offered right so now coming back the main organ that is there is nothing but the heart right now when we talk about the heart and especially the human talk we know that the human heart is a four chambered heart right so we see that it has a four chambered heart Now quickly to use a simpler as uh image to explain this there are two upper chambers and these two upper chambers are what we call as the Atria or the atrium and there are two bottom Chambers which we call as the ventricles right so the Atria I always say are the receiving Chambers and the ventricles that are there are the pumping Chambers now apart from this we also see that the heart is divided into the right side and the left side right so we see that it is divided into right side and left side now the right side mainly receives deoxygenated blood and the left side receives oxygenated blood okay so now in this case if you see we have the right atrial we have the right ventricle the left atrium and the left ventricle now between the right atrium and the right ventricle we see that there is a tricuspid valve which prevents backflow and between the left atrium and the left ventricle we also see that there is the bicuspid valve which prevents backflow now understanding the remaining blood vessels with double circulation becomes easy right so now we know right okay going bad we know that the right side of the heart right so when we look at the right side it receives the deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body through one of the largest veins that are there which is the vena cava and we have two kinds of vena cava which is the inferior and the superior and the inferior Superior means from the top parts right Superior means stop so from the top parts of the body it brings deoxygenated blood while inferior vena cava brings in the deoxygenated blood from the bottom parts right and we know that it will bring it to the right atrium now the right atrium will then transport to the right ventricle now the right ventricle will pump this Blood all the way to the lungs for oxygenation and the blood vessel that is responsible for transporting it from the heart to the lungs is the pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery is the only artery in the body that transports deoxygenated blood okay and once it reaches the lungs we know that alveoli are there oxygenation takes place and from here we see that there is a blood vessel which is the pulmonary vein which is the only vein in the body that transports oxygenated blood now it is rich in oxygen no now this will come to the left atrium and left atrium will pump it to the left ventricle and from the left ventricle we see that the aorta which is the largest artery in the body will transport oxygenated blood to different parts now here if you see the same blood is entering into the heart twice so this is what we Define as double circulation enough blood when the same blood enters the heart twice we call this as double circulation right and here we see that there are two circuits which are present right we see that there is a pulmonary circuit which is the circulation that exists between the lungs and the heart and then of course we have the systemic circuit which is which is a circulation that exists between the heart and the body what do capillaries do they are responsible for exchange of gases they facilitate exchange of gases right so with this if you see we have recall Transportation everyone are we clear with this are we clear with Transportation have we recalled it give me a quick thumbs up in the chat everyone fatafat give me thumbs up why is it called pulmonary because it is going to and you know it's going between the lungs no heart and lungs means lungs right that's why pulmonary yes very good very good now I hope all of you have liked the video and you have subscribed to the channel okay do not forget to like this video yes okay very good so now we will quickly move on to the last part which is excretion I will finish this in five minutes okay five minutes and I'll keep 10 minutes for doubt solving so stay focused Bacha stay focused okay now we're going to be looking at excretion what is excretion excretion is nothing but removal of nitrogenous metabolic waste from the body right so this is what we understand as excretion now excretion is necessary to happen inside our body because we know that nitrogen is metabolic waste if it accumulates within our body it can be toxic and hence it needs to be removed periodically from our body now it's not just in our body in Plants also it needs to be there right so we know that in the case of plants right unnecessary or remove whatever metabolic waste that is there is removed either in the form of salt or it can be loss of water because at the end of the day excess water is not needed by the plant and we know that by transpiration it is removed right resins and gums are like the sticky substance through which they get rid of unnecessary things even oxygen that is produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis we see that that also can be considered as a metabolic waste which is removed out through diffusion and sometimes whatever old parts are there we know that they will be Shed off now in the case of humans we we know that there is an excretory system which is involved right so we see that the excretory system and the main excretory organ right so we see that the main excretory organ that is there are the kidneys and we see that we have a pair of kidneys which are located in the abdomen region and we also see that from the kidney there are these long tubular structures called the ureter which bring in and then of course I mean we have the ureter then we have the urinary bladder and finally the urethra now we know that the toxic metal I mean the nitrogenous metabolic waste from our body is removed in the form of urine and we know that urine formation takes place inside the filtration units called as nephron so nephrons can be defined as the filtration units filtration units or we also call them as the structural and functional unit of the kidneys now the structure of the Nephron here is very very important on a board examination front they can ask you the difference between nephron and neuron also so remember this okay where is the kidney situated in the abdominal region now if you look at the structure of nephron we see that it has a glomerulus which is a you know a tuft of capillaries or you can say that it is a network of capillaries all right and this is like a you know like a ball of capillaries which is sitting on a Bowman's capsule and we see that when we say that you know glomerulus is about what do you say like a ball of capillaries right we see here that the blood is what brings in all this toxic material okay and we see that here in this Bowman's capsule we see that ultra filtration takes place okay so kind of think like your water filter know how the water filter will remove all the unnecessary things and it will filter out only only what is good and because this filtration is happening in the glomerulus we call it as glomerular filtrate right and this filtration takes place at very high pressure at high pressure it will be filtering out which is why we also call it as ultra filtration because it's taking place at very high pressure now we see that once it is filtered out we also see that all this you know unnecessary toxic metabolic substance which in our body is in the form of urea urea along with you know sometimes glucose amino acids water all of this will get filtered okay now glucose amino acid water and all is very important to our body right which is why in the tubules they will get re-absorbed and whatever excess water is there sometimes might get secreted back but nonetheless it will be filtered out and at the end of it we see that urine is formed by by the time it reaches this part and then of course it goes into the collecting duct and all these collecting ducts that are there no they will pour their secretion and all this urine that is there let me just all that urine is then poured from the kidneys into the ureter then it will go into the urinary bladder where it is stored for a brief amount of time and once it is the right time a message will be sent to the brain and then it will signal the muscles here to relax and through the urethra it will be expelled out yes so everybody with this we have revised full life process not in 45 minutes but to be honest yeah roughly keeping five minutes apart I have actually finished this in 45 minutes so now everyone are we clear are we clear with what we have learned so this is a quick recall for all of you right so on nutrition on respiration transportation and excretion yes are we feeling confident with life processes I will take your doubts right now okay now I know there are a lot of doubts okay see limphino is a very tricky concept all right now in the capillaries right when blood is Flowing sometimes there are some leaks okay kind of like a leaky pipe no so when there are leaky pipes that are there what happens is that through these leaky pipes Sometimes some plasma or sometimes some wbcs will squeeze out all right now these capillaries are also surrounding blood vessels no so what happens is that this all this plasma and everything will start surrounding here it will go around the cells which is what we call as the extracellular fluid now it is outside the cell so it is extracellular fluid now what will happen is that this is not very good for the body now it's out of balance which is why most often than not the remaining ones will go back inside the blood channels but the remaining plasma w BC some proteins they will all get redirected into another vessel it's not a blood vessel but it's another vessel in the body which we call as a lymph vessel okay and this fluid inside the lymph vessel is what we call as lymph okay all right okay Karthik I hope that um you know you can send that down to me in the comment section I will answer ma'am how does transpiration help in movement because it creates a suction okay it will create a suction force and that's why the water will go up that's how transpiration helps in movement of water man why is pancreas known as dual function because pancreas not only secrete you know digestive juices we have also learned in control coordination that it also secretes hormones right so it is an EXO endocrine gland okay yes ma'am starch is broken down into simple sugar and the intestine also yes it is so we have amylase pancreatic amylase that converts starch into maltose that also happens translocation translocation that is there is nothing but when transport of food takes place right so we know that food is transported from the leaves into the phloem by translocation ma'am complete digestion just if you have directed doubts ask me but digestion is nothing but the process of breakdown of food into simple soluble forms right I mean how many seconds I actually mom glomerulus once again okay see glomerulus that is there we see that it is a okay so as you know glomerulus that is there is a network of capillaries all right and blood will be flowing through it now there is a difference in the diameter of the blood vessel that the tubes that are starting the glomerulus and ending it right and here as you know as the blood grows through this there will be very high pressure and as a result it will act as a filter and all this urea glucose amino acids all these Toto molecules will get filtered in okay so here we see that mainly here glomerulus acts as a filter which is why we call it as filtration transpiration is loss of excess water from the aerial parts of the plant trans that is transpiration transportation is transport of water and minerals and food substances to different parts right will they ask us to write experiments no they will not ask you to write experiments but they'll ask you questions based on it yes ma'am hard explanation so I you want structure of heart or you want um foreign what is it that you want heart is a very easy you know broad way of telling yes ma'am systolic and diastolic see systolic and diastolic is not really part of your syllabus but the systolic pressure is the pressure which is exerted when there is contraction right so when the Atria contract right I mean so when we see that when there is contraction it is systolic pressure so when Atria will contract we see that that time the ventricles will relax right and when ventricles will contract Atria will relax so systolic pressure is the pressure that exerts during contraction diastolic pressure is exerted during relaxation right okay mom is there any example for lymphatic system that is example for lymphatic organ and that is plea okay ma'am how do tall trees tall trees by a scent of sat I have already explained next SSD session will be sometime this week or next week I'm not sure ma'am what is the function of PTO midriff veins they are ptole or your veins have both your uh you know transporting tissue right it has both xylem and fluid mom explained breakdown of glucose okay there are two questions I will try my best bachars in whatever I'm able to answer okay whatever I'm able to answer I'll do because waiting for your next class but don't worry we'll have more and more classes so don't worry okay yes reproductive system and I do how do organisms reproduce not now so heart as we know is a four chambered heart it has two parts on top okay this is called as the Atria which are the receiving chambers that means they receive blood all right and the bottom two chambers that are there are called as the ventricles and they are called as the pumping Chambers right that means their job is to pump okay now apart from this we also see that the heart is divided into right side and it is divided into left side okay why is it divided into right and left for separating uh so that so that there is no mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated right so in this case if you see right side receives deoxygenated blood and left sides receives oxygenated yes now we see that this is the basic structure so we have right atrium right ventricle left atrium and left ventricle right okay now along with this what we also observe is that there are valves which are present so between these two we have the tricuspid valve and between these two we have the bicuspid vac okay all right ma'am water valves I've already written yes now my team members are also here threatening me to finish so I hope most of your doubts are here for double circulation please go rewind and you can check it out you will be able to find it okay residual volume is the volume that is remaining in the lungs okay yes one more minute I'll take one last question one last question yes ma'am double circulation plus diagram too much for me to explain in under one minute someone was asking me my water red blood Corpus Calls Red Blood Corpus calls are nothing but red blood cells what are uh will I will I or the finger like projections of the inner walls of the small intestine that are richly supplied with blood vessels and that help in absorption yes all right everybody so with this I am going to be winding it up here's a quick reminder for all of you on parent Club as you know chetna Mom is coming live once again on 21st December at 6 PM where we will understand why goal setting is important right so very quickly everybody try this out here's a reminder for baiju spoken English classes and if you found this class helpful let me know in the comments if there are some doubts that you still have which you want me to help you out with let me know in the comments it's important right whatever doubts are there I will answer in the comments that's my promise to you but you have to drop the comment so everybody that's smart list playlist is also there do not forget to like share and subscribe to this channel because now you know by just 9 and 10 has got you covered no matter what right yes okay all right everybody I will see you all very very soon again up until then take care and bye bye