hello my dear students welcome back to your favorite channel magnet brains I am Dr. Muskaan your science educator and in today's video we will continue chapter number one class 8 science which was crop production and management students you all are very welcome in magnet brains magnet brains provides high quality education and that too absolutely free of cost You don't need to pay anything. You get free education here. Not only for English medium but also for Hindi medium. You just have to go to the Hindi medium channel of Magnet Brains.
Students, Magnet Brains provides high quality education. And along with high quality education, Magnet Brains provides customized, tailored and very good e-books and e-notes. You just have to go to the link given in the description box. Click on it and you will get daily updates. practices papers and ebooks e-notes everything will be available magnet brains UP board Bihar board CBSC board MP board Rajasthan board Delhi board all these boards are being prepared so what are you waiting for now follow magnet brains like share and subscribe and be sure to be updated from my video that when my next video is going to come and you just have to study well with me and rock and I So students, let's start with our first topic, today's preparation of soil.
Now if you see in its name, then in the last video we saw what? In the last video we saw what are the agricultural practices of crop production. Before explaining agricultural practices, let me explain to you what our crop is. The crop is a crop.
Fasal hai, yeh un bachchon ke liye hai, jino ne aaj se mujhe join kara hai. To ek recap le lete hain, jaldi se. Crop kya hai students? Crop wo cheez hai, jo hum grow karte hain large scale pe.
To plant, grown on large scale. is known as crop. And to grow that crop, we have to follow steps.
We have to follow steps. And what do we call those steps? Agricultural practices.
What is agricultural practices? These are the practices, the steps that farmers follow so that they can grow their crops. Now what was agricultural practices?
practices? Kya kya thi agricultural practices? Toh wo thi humare sabse pehle preparation of soil.
Kya thi preparation of soil? Toh iska kya matlab hua ki humare jo plant hai, humare jo plants hai, yeh rahe humare plants, humare jo plants hai, yeh kahan rehti hai? Inki roots rehti hai soil mein. In ki roots kahan rehti hai? Soil mein.
And soil hi wo part hai jisme sabse zyada kya rehti hai students? Minerals. Kya rehti hai sabse zyada? Minerals. Toh agar aapko apne plant ko grow karana hai.
Aapko apne plant ko grow karana hai. Toh sabse zyada achchi tarike se kis ko prepare karna padega? Soil ko prepare karna padega. Toh agricultural practices mein sabse pehli...
First step is preparation of soil and this step is very important because soil is the place from where the plant gets minerals like potassium, phosphorus, sulphur, nitrogen. water, all these things will be obtained from our plant, from the soil. So preparation of the soil is the most important and key step so that our plant can grow well.
You are seeing in this image, what is this human doing? This human is preparing the soil. How will the soil preparation be? First of all, you are seeing this instrument.
You are seeing what happens to it? ploughing means if you see the layers of soil then the top layer supports the seed but our nutrients and minerals are in the deep soil. If you want to grow your plant properly then you dig this instrument in the soil.
So, the lower layer of soil supports the seed. that is found in the upper soil. And then after that you add seeds so that your seeds do not get top layer along with that the deep soil which has a lot of mineral content that also gets found and your plant grows in a healthy way. So in this image it is telling that how you have to prepare the soil. Now let's see further.
Now students, preparation of the soil is the first step before growing a crop. Before growing any crop, the most important and first step is to prepare the soil. Preparing the soil is the most important step. Why?
Because soil is the place from where the plant gets all the nutrients, minerals, water, all these things will be available so that it can grow. After that, what we have to do is the soil and loosen it. Now, what does preparation of the soil mean?
Loosen the soil means loosen it. What did I tell you now? If the soil is in a very hard and stiff layer, then will you be able to go to any deep soil?
Absolutely not. So what do you do? You dig the soil with a plough, you make it very rough.
So, the soil below will be found in the upper soil and the minerals that the seed should get will be found. So, loosening the soil is very important. This allows the roots to penetrate deep in the soil.
Due to this, the roots of the seed go to the deep soil and the deep soil is rich in minerals, iron, potassium, sulphur. All these are rich sources of minerals. which is very important to grow a plant. Now, the loose soil allows the root to breathe easily even when they go deep in the soil.
And what happens with this is that roots can breathe easily. They also get carbon dioxide due to which they can grow in a healthy way. Now students, now we will answer this question. What is the question? Why does the loosening of the soil allow the root to breathe easily?
Why does it happen ma'am that if we... and the soil is covered with soil and the soil below comes up, then why can our roots breathe properly? Because students, what happens with this? This makes our mineral rich soil, soil rehti hai roots wahan tak jaate hai and acha bharpoor sa mineral content utilize kar paate hai plant ko de paate hai plant carbon dioxide leta hai light leta hai photosynthesis karta hai and apna food ka production kar paate hai to answer dekh lete hai the loosened soil helps the growth of earthworms and very important point jo hamare neechay wali deep soil rehti hai mineral content ke sath sath uspe kya rehtay hai? There are many earthworms and micro organisms Which helps in making healthy manure Because of which our plant will be able to utilize the mineral content properly These organisms are friend of farmers And they are the best friends of farmers Because they help in growing the crops very well They further turn and loosen the soil and add humus to it.
What is humus student? The top layer of soil. If I tell you the layer of soils, then in the layer of soil, the top layer, the top layer is humus. After that, what comes? After that comes top soil.
And then comes sub soil. What comes? subsoil. After that what comes?
Parent rock. After that parent rock. And after that bed rock. So the layer of the top soil is very good for crop production.
What is it? It is very good for crop production. And And the top soil has a lot of mineral content.
So when you plough, you mix the layers of these two soils. Because of this, Earthworms, microorganisms, mineral content, where does all that reach? It reaches upwards.
So when you sow seeds, seeds will get full nutrients. You will get earthworms, microorganisms, minerals, air. And what will all these things help? It will help to grow our plants. is that clear students toh isliye kehte hain preparation of the soil is the most important step and loosened soil helps the growth of plant very well is that clear aur humare loosened bhaja se plant bahut achi tarike se grow kar sakta hai.
Chal ye. Now question firse aagaya aur ye question hai ki why soil needs to be turned and loosened? Kyo zaruri rehta hai? You saw that the soil is good for the plants but why is loosened soil important?
So students, loosened soil is important because it is rich in minerals, water, air and microorganisms. Because of which, I have just told you that what helps the plant in growth. In addition, dead plants, animals get decomposed by soil organic matter. In this way various nutrients in the dead organisms are released back into the soil.
Now we have studied about microorganisms. Now in the soil we ourselves add waste, vegetables, fruit peels, and other inorganic things. Why do we add them? Because our microorganisms decompose all these.
By decomposing, what happens? What do we make? Manure.
We add the decomposed manure. Because of which, our plant will grow very well. Now, I have a question for you. When should we add this manure? When should we add this manure?
Should we add it before ploughing? Or after ploughing? So, students, keep in mind.
Keep in mind quickly. and tell me in the comment section that should we add this manual before ploughing or after ploughing? Tell me quickly.
So students, let me tell you. We should add this before ploughing. Which kids thought before? I caught you. So students, you have to add this before ploughing.
Why? Because when you plough, this manual will also be added properly. Not that... deep soil will reach the top and the top soil will mix, this manure will also mix well so that when you put seeds, microorganisms come, minerals come, water comes and our plant and our crop can grow healthy. If you did not do any one step well from these, you did not add manure or you did not add water or you did not do any plow, then your crop will not be able to grow.
that clear Charlie since only few centimeters of the top layer of the soil supports plant growth of a care in key shift your top layer and I put a butterfly a key out the a mass of fear Kathy a Humaree top soil so you do top layers a safe you he support car party a kiss co plant growth co only top layer hey he supports plant growth and to have their plough and to add manure properly is very important. Then turning and loosened brings the nutrient rich soil to the top so that it can use these nutrients. And here you can see I have ploughed.
So what happened by ploughing? My soil got mixed with the top soil. This lovely crop of ours, this lovely crop of ours, it could grow well. Why? Because we mixed nutrient rich, nutrient rich soil so that the plants get the best, most nutrients and the plants grow.
Is that clear? Come on. Thus, turning and loosening of the soil is very important for cultivation of the crop. That is why we call it Turning Turning means we have turned the soil upside down. We have brought the bottom layer upwards.
For example, students, take a cake. Now, how does this cake stay in a layer? Now, if you take a gem on top and add a gem, which you like a lot, will that gem go down by itself? Absolutely not. Will it get the cake on the bottom?
No, it won't. And here, if you mix the bottom layer of the cake on top, and then mix it up, Now you take your jam and put it in the middle and it will go down. Why? Because you have loosened the soil, loosened the cake so that your seeds go down in the layer and they get all the nutrients that they need to grow. Is that clear students?
Yes. Thank you very much. Then we come to know how do we prepare the soil? The first step is ploughing which is also called tilling. What is ploughing?
ploughing which we can also call tilling. So if you get a question on tilling in your exam, then don't get confused. Plawing and tilling are both the same things. Who will we do ploughing and tilling with? We will do it with plough.
Who will we do it with? We will do it with plough. So don't get confused at all.
If we get a plough, then plough is an instrument through which we do ploughing. Now what is ploughing? Ploughing is a process of tilling.
which we are loosing the soil we are making the soil loose we are mixing the lower soil with the upper soil and with the help of this we are providing our seeds with oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, mineral all the things so that they can grow now students before sowing the seeds it is necessary to loosen and turn the soil. Now if you want to grow any crop, then it is very important to loosen it before growing it. So that it gets nutrients properly and it can grow.
Break the size of the grains and the big pieces of rock it is important to break them so that the nutrients are not obstructed. The plant gets nutrients properly. Now we have ploughed, now it is important to level the soil.
You have added seeds, you have ploughed. What did you do? Add seeds, manure and then plough.
What happened to it? The seeds have been properly planted in the soil above and below. We have absorbed it, utilized it, gave all the minerals, water, everything was done well.
We gave manure, fertilizers, earthworms, manure, everything was prepared well. Now you have to level, so after ploughing the soil is overgrown. So the process through which we level the soil, we call it leveling. What do we call it? Leveling.
So the process after ploughing the soil is distributed evenly. We have evenly distributed the soil in the process called as leveling. So what happened to ploughing?
Ploughing is a process by which we mixed topsoil, humus layer together so that plant growth can be aerated, nutrients can be obtained. After that we mixed manure also well. Then we level the soil.
which we call leveling and after that we can produce our crop properly. Now you tell me manure is added to the soil before tilling. I had asked you this question that tilling, before ploughing or tilling we add manure. Why? Because it helps proper mixing of manure and it moisten the soil, it makes the soil moist.
so that we can sow our seeds. Is that clear? You are so clear that we will add manure first after that we will plough so that manure also mixes well in the top and bottom layer and our plant does not have any lack of anything and everything is well.
Let's go. Now let's come to how we do ploughing. So ploughing, three main, the three main important machines of agriculture, preparation of the soil, are the first one is plough.
What will we do with plough? Ploughing. What else do we call ploughing students?
Tell me quickly what else will we call ploughing? Tilling. So with whom will we do ploughing and tilling?
With whom will we do ploughing and tilling? We will do ploughing and tilling. So plough you can see, plough is a wooden type of a type of a ratchet. What happens with this? We plough and what is hoe?
Hoe is an instrument with which we can level all things properly. and use it. Then cultivator, which we can do large scale preparation of the soil. Nowadays hand instrument which is a plough is being used more than that.
Why? Because we are consuming the soil. we are saving time instead of doing each plough we do plough from tractor to cultivator so that our preparation of the soil can cover a lot of land in less time is that clear now let's see about these instruments one by one now see plough I told you it is of such a wooden which is on a wooden rod and here is another rod attached which is attached to the neck of the buffalo. Then what do the farmers do?
They walk the buffalo or ride and what happens with that? The soil from this material goes up, down, up, down, up, down, up and becomes loosened. Now what will we do in loosened soil? We will add seeds, manure, add water and then what will we do? We will level it.
So what do we do? What happened here? This is preparation of the soil.
Come on. What is plough students? Plough. This is being used since ancient times. This is being used since very old times.
Nowadays, cultivator or mechanical things are used more. People of earlier times used plough. Even now, many farmers use plough. But new instruments are also available in the market. For tilling the soil.
Now, we will see addition of fertilizers to the crop removing the weeds and turning the soil. Now why do we use this? So that we can do the preparation of the soil, we can add manure or fertilizers and turn the crop well. turn on this is made of wood.
This is made of wood and is drawn by a pair of bulls and how does it happen? It is on the neck of the bulls and we can use it to drag horses and camels. Then it contains a strong triangular iron strip called plowshare. So this is a triangular strong iron strip.
What do we call it? Plaw share. We call it Plaw share.
Now, the main part of Plaw is a long log of wood. Can you see this? This is a long log of wood.
You can see this. This is long log of wood which is called what? Plaw shaft.
What do we call it? Plaw shaft. So, there is an iron part which we call Plaw share and there is a wooden part which we call Plaw. plough shaft is that clear?
Chalo. Aur ye jo hamara plough shaft rehta hai, ye kahan rehta hai? Ye ek rod mein, ye ek wooden rod mein attach hota hai and bulls ke neck pe jata hai, phir bulls usko pull karte hain taaki wo achche se plough kar payen. Ajo, there is a handle at one end of the shaft, shaft ke end pe ek handle hota hai, the other end is attached to a beam which is placed on the bulls neck, dekho, yaha pe.
Here is our iron plough which does the preparation of the soil. Now see this is what? This is plough shaft.
What is the plough shaft? One handle is in the rod and the other is attached to the bull's neck. So that the bulls can pull our plough properly. Is that clear?
Now the indigenous wooden plough is increasingly being used. replaced by iron plow nowadays. Now instead of using this wooden plow, we are using iron plow because it can prepare our soil more efficiently.
Come, let's see about hoe. Hoe, it is a simple tool which is used for removing weeds and for loosening of the soil. What happens with this? It helps to remove weeds which are bad. It helps to remove the old crop so that we can grow new crop.
And it helps to loosen it properly. It has a long rod of wood and iron. It has a long rod of wood and iron. This is a rod of wood and iron. See this.
This is a long rod which is made of wood or iron. A strong broad bent plate of iron is fixed to one end and of its end works like a blade and it is pulled by an animal. Now you can see here is a handle. This is a rod which is made of iron.
can be made of iron or wood. And it is attached with a blade. From which it is attached? From blade. Now, from whom do we pull this handle?
From any animal. So easily what happens is that with the help of blade all the weeds get removed and the soil also gets loosened up. Is that clear?
So if you get any such image in the exam then what is this? This is a hoe. And what is a plough students?
A plough is a wooden thing like this. See this, what is this? This is a plough shaft. What is this?
This is a plough shaft. Where does it go? It goes on the shoulders. shoulders pe jaata hai bull ke aur bull usse pull karne mein madat karta hai.
Yeh kya hai hamara? Yeh hai hamara ploughshare. Kya hai yeh hamara? Ploughshare. Aur isi ki madat se hum kya kar pata hai?
Hum apni soil ko prepare kar pata hai. Is that clear? To confuse bil kul nahi ho na? Don't get confused between ho and plough. Now let's come to our next cultivator.
What is cultivator students? Nowadays ploughing is done by tractor driven. cultivator. Now what happens? Now slowly pull them from the bulls, slowly run them in the whole land, hectares of land.
Just imagine the crop does not grow in small land. What do we need to grow it? we need a huge land. Now if we want to plough that land properly and we take help of a bull then he will be able to prepare it slowly.
But in the same place if we use a cultivator then in a very short time a lot of land will be prepared. So that is why cultivators are being used more nowadays instead of plough. And what does it do?
It saves time and labor. So students we understood what is a plough cultivator. What was a plough students? A plough was basically a wooden hammer type which had an end.
What was the plough shaft? What was attached to that handle? Rod which was going on the bull's neck.
What was the plough shaft? It was one whose iron rod can also be made of wood and we loosen up the soil with it. Now we are using hoe, it is a rod type which is made of metal iron, we level it, we can plow it and we can also remove the weeds. Thirdly, we saw about cultivator which is an engine driven machine through which we can save time and labor and we can easily prepare a big land for the crop. Is that clear?
So in today's video we have seen preparation of the soil how it is done so students in magnet brains you get a free education from kindergarten to class 12th magnet brains is available on youtube, facebook instagram, tutor, telegram whatsapp, everywhere you just have to like, share and subscribe magnet brains you can see in laptop mobile phones tablets you just have to go to www.magnetbrains.com dot magnetbrains.com and when you go there you have to click on grab e-notes and when you click there you have all the materials systematically arranged, customized videos, e-notes, e-books everything is available and that too absolutely free of cost because Magnet Brains believes in high quality education and that too free of cost. You want students Hindi medium. English medium, CBSE board, Delhi board, Bihar board, UP board, Rajasthan board, Vedic courses, crash courses, English spoken courses, all these are available on Magnet Brains. And all you have to do is like, share, subscribe and wait for my next video.
Like this video now and stay tuned with Magnet Brains. So students have a nice day and thank you so much.