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Explain the role of the spinal cord in the nervous system.
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The spinal cord is a nervous tissue cord protected by the spinal column that connects the brain to the body. It is segmented into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral parts.
Describe the components of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS).
The ANS includes the Sympathetic Nervous System responsible for 'fight or flight' response with noradrenaline as the neurotransmitter, and the Parasympathetic Nervous System managing 'rest and digest' functions using acetylcholine.
What are the components of a neuron and their functions?
Soma (cell body) - Contains the nucleus; Dendrites - Bring information to the soma; Axon - Transfers nervous impulses away from the soma; Teledendrites/Synapses - Connect with other neurons to transmit impulses.
What is the primary neurotransmitter of the Somatic Nervous System?
Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter of the Somatic Nervous System.
What are the components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
The CNS includes the brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem) and spinal cord.
Explain the role of the somatic nervous system in the body.
Somatic Nervous System provides voluntary control over body movements, processes sensory information such as sight, hearing, taste, and touch, and controls motor pathways for skeletal muscle actions.
Discuss the anatomical components of the brain as outlined in the lecture.
The brain includes the cerebrum (divided into left and right hemispheres), cerebellum (involved in motor control), and brainstem (comprising midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata).
How does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) connect with the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
The PNS connects the CNS to limbs and organs via nerves and ganglia.
Explain the concept of overlapping functionalities within the nervous system.
The nervous system exhibits overlapping functionalities where different components may have roles in multiple systems, emphasizing its complexity.
Describe the functional divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
The Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for involuntary control of functions like heart rate and digestion. It is divided into the Sympathetic Nervous System (fight or flight response, noradrenaline neurotransmitter) and the Parasympathetic Nervous System (rest and digest functions, acetylcholine neurotransmitter).
What distinguishes the role of the Sympathetic Nervous System from the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
The Sympathetic Nervous System is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, while the Parasympathetic Nervous System manages 'rest and digest' functions in the body.
What roles do the major divisions of the nervous system (CNS and PNS) play in the body?
The CNS (brain and spinal cord) processes and relays information, while the PNS (nerves and ganglia) connects the CNS to limbs and organs for communication and control.
How does the Autonomic Nervous System differ from the Somatic Nervous System?
The ANS provides involuntary control over functions like heart rate and digestion, while the Somatic Nervous System allows voluntary control over body movements.
Differentiate between gray matter and white matter in the nervous system.
Gray Matter consists mainly of neuron somas and is found peripherally in the cerebrum and centrally in the spinal cord. White Matter consists mainly of axons and is located opposite to gray matter within CNS structures.
Why is the spinal cord segmented into different parts?
The spinal cord is segmented into different parts (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral) to allow for specific control and coordination of different body regions.
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