The Role of Uranium in Kazakhstan's Economy

Introduction

• Kazakhstan: major producer/exporter of uranium
• Key role in nuclear energy production
• Significant impact on economy since independence in 1991

Development and Growth

• Major efforts to develop uranium resources
• Uranium exports crucial for economic growth
• Top uranium producer since 2009

Production and Export Statistics

• 2020: produced 22,808 tons (43% of global production)
• 2020: exported 13,700 tons
• Significant contributor to economy: ~8% of GDP, 25% of total exports
• Employment: ~30,000 people

Future Goals

• Government targets: increase production to 30,000 tons by 2025
• Challenges: volatile global prices, environmental concerns

Historical Context

• Uranium discovery: late 18th century
• Significant discovery in Kazakhstan: 1943 in Caretal mountains
• Large-scale mining began in 1950s for Soviet nuclear weapons
• Post-independence: foreign investment, increased exports

Industry Development

• Kazatomprom established in 1999
• Leading global uranium producer
• Major export destinations: China, Russia, USA
• Challenges: environmental issues, price volatility
• Government efforts to address issues and expand industry

Global Competitors

• Major producers: Canada, Australia, Russia, Namibia
• Canada: second largest producer (13% global production in 2020)
  • Major exports: USA, Europe
  • Export value (2020): $402 million
• Australia: third largest producer (12% global production in 2020)
  • Major exports: China, USA
  • Export value (2020): $415 million
• Challenges for competitors: declining demand, renewable energy growth, COVID-19

Economic Impact

• Uses of revenue: public services, infrastructure, social programs
• 2020: export revenue ~$1.1 billion
• Job creation in mining, transportation, construction

Conclusion

• Uranium exports drive economic growth
• Future adaptability and investment needed for continued leadership in global market