Traditional Methods of Coping with Extreme Heat in the Arabian Peninsula

Introduction

• Current Issue: Extreme heat and global warming affecting Europe and the Arabian Peninsula
• Modern Solution: Air conditioning prevalent and overused in the Arabian Peninsula

Historical Adaptations to Heat

Urban Planning

• Compact Urban Fabric: Towns and villages built tightly to minimize open spaces
• Design Philosophy: Narrow roads and spaces to maximize shade and provide comfort

Architectural Techniques

• Thick Walls and Ceilings: Constructed up to 80 cm thick using adobe, straw, stone, and coral
  • Purpose: Insulation against heat, delayed heat transfer to maintain cooler interiors
• Malqaf Towers: Wind scoops for ventilation
  • Design: Multiple inlets from different directions for cross ventilation
  • Enhancements: Using water reservoirs and earthen pots to cool the passing breeze

Practical Applications Today

• Cross Ventilation: Opening opposite windows for airflow
  • Enhancements: Use of fans and earthen pots with water to cool the air

Traditional Apparel

• Layering of Garments: Arabs wore multiple layers of natural materials (cotton, wool) even in summer
  • Purpose: Protection from sun radiation and prevention of dehydration

Conclusion

• Modern vs. Traditional: Over-reliance on air conditioning vs. sustainable traditional methods
• Environmental Responsibility: Need to incorporate traditional wisdom with modern technology in architecture and urban planning

Final Thoughts

• Revisiting History: Importance of understanding and reapplying historical inventions for better efficiency and performance in today's world

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