good so let's go through today so today we talk about all the bones with the arms first and in the legs afterwards so I got these articulated skeletons that's what we use for the test I'll bring the pelvis ease on Wednesday the prep was a little off today so I don't have to but I'll bring those on Wednesday so we're here with that so then I hope through the upper extremities you should have one of those on your desks also we have skeletons make sure you make use of the three skeletons we have during the lab portion because that is very helpful so and it's articulated what we're looking at is right here for extremity so we start with the shoulder blade and the shoulder blade is in the back you can actually feel it right here in the back of yourself to is that bone that's pretty skinny and is really weird-looking and it's sort of the connection from the ribcage and they had a lot of muscle ii attached there to then the arm and the upper extremities so the shoulder blade is it's going to be attached to the ribcage and then the arms hangs off of the shoulder blade is attached to the shoulder blade so it's kind of fun it's almost like we have two joints here you have to move the arm and then at about here we end up moving this shoulder blade as well so the shoulder blade goes this way on this it doesn't it's just glued on to it but in real life it's like two joints one here then one here I know interesting stuff so let's look at the scapula let's see what I know here here we go so there's the shoulder blade from the back here sits in the ribcage you can see that when we look at the terms that we want to look at we want to learn from this gap you let me have a look that's not on here let me see I've actually don't worry about the body of the scapula just stretch that out all right now what I'm going to start with is the borders of the scapula same thing look at that in the back it's like it's the triangle shape like that and so we've got a few books we've got a motor here we've got a motor here and we actually also got a border on top we don't really worry about the top one in our description but we worry about the border on the outside right in here and what's here the armpit or axilla and so that border is right where the axle eyes so we call that border the lateral border or also the axillary border and under the other side we're going to go here you can see that we're going to go towards the spine so we call that the medial border or also the vertebral border and let me have at the bottom we got a third a steep angle and it's at the bottom so we call that the inferior angle nice you can handle that oh look I have superior border on this on there as well let me see if I yeah see super border here the top portion and this portion that's a super border I think that one will be caught up for the test because it's a little bit but back to this picture so that was Dean fear angle that's the lateral border medial border and now we have some we have some interesting thing here this here is a rich when you feel that rich you know you are in the back side of this Capitol we're looking from the back and that Ridge is known as the spine of the scapula yes that's the back yes you see her posterior aspect that will indicate it's from the back to view they could say post your YouTube so the spine of the scapula is damaged you can feel that right here and you touch yourself the back and you follow that Ridge to the outside and then that here is the tip on the shoulder blade or the temple to shoulder actually right yeah that's called the acromion the tip or the shoulders known as the acromion yes some of these turns about double did you see that medial lateral border I'm not so sure what I did there which is prosthodontist well I have on my list for the homework I have medial and motiva border and then lateral Iraq support and then again if were Tebow of the Alanna on the medial border I'm not sure why I mention him twice you see that the under on the homework term list covers over extremity scapula I want you to cross out body was capital o and I'll show it that will go around and then leave up we got a couple down super bored and then it says lateral board and medial border again that's terms twice so just call them out the second time whatever is done but then we have to spine you see the spine of the scapula will pick up there so we have the spine right here if you have deep roaming on the end and then we got these depressions right here and right here above the spider below the spine and the one above this line we call that the Supra spine is false up and what below we call it the in from spinous fossa and he's gonna have muscles attached to them if you turn the scapula around and we look from underneath we have a soft scapula fossa and solvents below like a submarines below the surface of the ocean and so that means that that that's the false up underneath that's the one that goes towards the rib cage and all those three will have muscles attached to them their muscles sitting in here and the muscles are having this is going to have the same names nice we like that yeah [Music] tell me the next term and the term is right in here that's called the glenoid cavity by the glenoid cavity and that's the area where the arm bone is going to come in well that's where you have it real together it's it's like that so it doesn't it's a joint that it's made it's a very interesting shallow sort of joint there we're gonna have a carla drink that comes out really comes around it's called the labrum sometimes I don't have you heard of a labor of tear yeah sometimes happens when we get an injury up here slams against it and then it breaks looks like a meniscus kind of structure that's the glenoid cavity and then last but not least we've got this weird thing here in front like the hook you can only see but it comes out you can see it right here it comes out sticks out right there you feel it actually you can feel it under if you go like they're a little medium in the bump and purpose when you push it hurts it's pumped it's called the coracoid process what it's ours things it's the raiment of the Wits in here so it's gonna be probably you will remember that hopefully coracoid process right Hannah so that's pretty much that weird-looking bowl then we got I'm gonna do it over here we've got an article attached to that class object and scapula right here here on the acromial we can go forward we have another boat that's right there's the collarbone and the collar board is very very is actually flat it's very breakable if a cat it's in the in the skin it's called a dermal bone so it's very fragile it basically holds the scapula backward it doesn't mean you do too much well it has a lot of functions but it's not like that much of a weight function in the force function however the only joined as a bone to bone connection that this whole upper extremity has to the trunk is right here everything else is muscle we attach the arm to the shoulder blade but the shoulder blade itself is all muscle and then from here that acromion we have this clavicle and that goes to the front of the joint is right here that holds it to the body so that's kind of interesting also the clavicle is the most broken bone in kids because you just fall down like that and the force goes in like horse goes in like that and it breaks right here so be aware of that I only do the bone at the bone we don't go with one end and all that because it's it's a small bone we don't need all that detail good that brings me there right to the humerus and the humerus is the upper arm bones we just put it back there's the uproar garbage humours the brachial area whole bunch of muscle attachments but it's the first really the long bone that we look at most of these long bones are all these long those are the extremities and most significantly what we have here on top is a round structure but ever we have a round structure it's most likely called a head so if you're in doubt call it a head and then right underneath the head wound around stops there's a line kind of that goes around that's called the neck and then underneath that there's a couple of bumps that come out whenever you have bumps you think muscle attachments so these pumps here on the side they're right here on the outside on us or actually muscle attachments then then reach into the back into the front of the shoulder blade and hold that arm into the shoulder blade so that's really the attachment of the arm into the body is through these muscles and they attach to these tubercle still called tubercles we have a lesser tubercle and a greater tubercle there right yeah the greater the greatest lateral the lesser is anterior the last series where the muscle that's going to attach to the front comes from right there and the graters in the back where the muscle goes on the top and then on the bottom some of my favorite muscles so those are the rotator cuff so your rotator cuff problems frozen shoulder your frozen shoulder this usually appears a problem with the most frozen shoulders really when there's a rotator cuff for these muscles are called rotator cuffs we'll talk about that when we get to the most obscure interest in between the two bumps we have a little groove a little line the valley that goes down in between we actually got a the attendant going through here the biceps tendon that's the biceps with tendon goes through there so it's important that stays in that groove doesn't jump out so that could be a problem potentially as known as the inter tubercular groove intermediate between in turn in between between the two groups when I came to America I started massage first that's how in English that's why some of these terms of Mike they stack local term all right and they said oh here's a sulcus but the other term is group we only learned in this group when I first learned it and I will stick up my Hanaka like in front of 30 people like broom isn't that amusing it's a nice groove it's like so that's how I learned English so I understand when you put this but it's so right there we had that head right and then we had these tubercles and in between the two on the head we have that line and that's a that's a neck but that's your call that's called the anatomical neck then you have a second neck where's the second deck right here you have that on the Tomica neck and then we have a surgical neck and the reason why we have two here because we know this piece is really nice and wide then it gets nice and skinny down so this is sort of the neck proper because we can't have a head and then a total of the better neck that's kind of weird so we have to have an anatomic length but then down here is the neck that breaks so I that's what I do surgery so that if it breaks it breaks down here so called the surgical and then from there we got to go down the shaft that's the shaft but what I want is you on the side of the shaft there's a roughage so we're midline on the outside right here it's known as the deltoid tuberosity you got a ruffle jumbo you're gonna have muscles attached into it that's how they enter into the bar they actually have the muscles actually have these anchors they're like these hooks they hope gain and they can't let go they're sharp these fibers they're quiet they're really strong it's very interesting so deltoid the deltoid is this muscle yeah the outside pocket muscles so we'll get to that next week and then all we need on that thing is as we go further down we got these bumps on the outside on the inside on the outside right there deppoh a depo they are known as epicondyle so you got an immediate epicondyle and lateral epicondyle the medial epicondyle can feel them in you probably hit that before it hurts died righty the bone that's the medial epicondyle that's a muscle attachment for all the muscles in the forearm they come off of it well not often but generally speaking they come from here and they go forward like that as a medial epicondyle on the outside it's the lateral epicondyles we have the muscles generally speaking it called top attach into there so we'll talk about that a condyle condyle means joint as it actually means I think means nothing so like that the knee we gonna stop looking at Denis these bumps you these big things these are called calm dives in the in the are we got them to their similar there looking like here they also calm down but they change the damn name because they have to have variety so they're not called condyles anymore but they're called what is called a trochlear right here that's the trochlear on the medial side looks like a pulley to some people and then the other one on the outside is known as the capitulum that was a little more to understand because it looks a little bit like a head like round the copy is the head sometimes the copy this couple oh no that's so the Trofeo and capitulum I wanted to study but I do not have them on the test list okay if we calm down absolutely I need you to know that we're to calm down because it comes all over the place and your associate that is joint yes on the epicondyles herbs that be them picky about it yeah and then when we turn it around we turn that bottom part around here we got one more term that I need to sit in and that's it the fall stuff in the back it's known as the old Lake run along Foster and or lakefront on is actually the elbow proper so you just put the elbow down you you putting it down right here and that is actually a for our most both it's going to be the forearm bone so the elbow proper is made by the forearm bone actually it's one of those death let's see if I have a single one a little bit if you look at from the side it has it looks like a wrench you could put something in it close it down and like you know if it has a different shape but that piece that's the elbow proper so it's in saying like like that like that right there so that piece here as we now go to the forearm bone bones see right here that's the elbow proper I put this in here words it did look at that system that's it the replacement prosthesis I don't know if you want to have to help that's pretty tough although if you break it you have to do it so here that's the Olmo right here hold on so you see that arm that has a wrench took the bone that has a wrench that's the owner oh yeah here you see that over here is your lakefront home that's the range support the electronics terrain support it also means they also call it electron process and the electron process will fit into the electron fossa of the humerus I don't word Salik so numerous has that that fall so depression and then the OMA has the process that fits into it oh my program means elbow I think but also displaced something is wrong here head of y'all no prop that I were not worried about it please but when I'd like to point out is that the bottom part here gets the pole the although is kind of found big on the bottom top but then as he goes to the bottom it gets nice and skinny and it's got this little thing here on the side you see that little thing sticking out that's known as the styloid process you'll never be handling a head little Pendley painting style or this effect like a stylist so that's that here Palmer style in the process and in the other poems we have in the forum it's the radius and the radius is sort of skinny on top and thicker on the bottom on the bottom we also have that little thing sticking out it's called style with also radial style or style it off the radius as we get back to the top we got a round thing here goes around let's call the head ha round head there's actually and then and then it goes to half the round head and then it bends in a little bit and then it has another bump depending in is known as the neck logically so around the neck there is this round ligament that holds that thing in and when we do this motion that turns around up here and so that's the reason why the anatomical position is this way because the radius and the other are parallel if you go fall down they cross over palm down is prone a form of the supinate you found out is probably what else do I need to simmer oh yeah the ligament around here can be pulled over the head if you like you take a kid and you see come on let's go and you yank the head the armor not that all the head and so they call an injury that thing falls out and you sort of have to guard it back they to push it it's not that hard but hurts like crazy they call that injury a nursemaids elbow which is not really that fair but there are some of these models are getting a little abused too much abuse so then so we have now the neck the head the neck and then the bump is the tubercle of the radius Oh radio they didn't call that tuberosity to process usually big it to people is usually small so they even changed that so I think I know is that probably put two per coulomb there right no I said tuberosity okay you don't work on the test you have to list then you don't worry about it it just rivals in the West and you have to cheat sheet right remember that all the tests for the test list you can ride out the test list to make your notes I know it's nice the only class you can use your cheat sheet you know I do that because then you want to study for a test to a well one of the best ways is you make a cheat sheet but you can ever bring it to school so this one time you can bring it and then you know how valuable it is know you're going to have to turn list and know you can draw on it let me show it I need to shoot you you fill out that thing now so see the test list is only one page so you can use that page and all that page to take notes and I should bring on it I should bring an example in nice sentence savoured some examples for Wow so you can have this I make copies for you guys so you can start studying for the test so once you finish the homework this is the homework list except I made a lot of mistakes but I'll correct ups but on the homework list I wanted to label the homework terms after that you go straight to the test list and you prop your don't worry about all the extra terms just worry about those that way you maximize your study efforts all right what else because I think that's it head neck radial tuberosity or tubercle and styloid process of the radius and then from there we get into the carpals whoa yeah a question look at all the corals handmade pies for triquetrum loonatics trapezium trapezoid scapula learned all those next time not what's important on this is the fact that we have we have a proximal row and we have a distal row so we have to rate isn't it all ones that come here they make a little little hollow groove and then this is actually the carpal tunnel area and then we we have this risks that is made by small little balls in one row here and in the distal row and from there we're gonna go into the wave of the head and the wave of the hand or it is called metacarpals so so carpals metacarpals and then the top here those are the fingers those are called the phalanges we do not have different names for every man or car and we feel like to take off its enough with these but yes for what no the digits are the fingers all together phalanges are the bones so we have so we have we count them become from the thumb or the points as in one to the pinky as in father so we just list them as note and then when you get to the phalanges what's interesting is we have three phalanges for all the fingers that's why you can do that but the thumb you can't do that you only have two phalanges for the sore thumb so you've got a proximal middle and distal but then the thumb you only have a proximal in the distal no middle that's not too bad I think here's picture the carpal tunnel so when you actually you can you can take your you wrist this way right here and and and there is a little groove that gets created by these bones that come in it on top of these bones you have a ligament and underneath there see that's a tunnel right there so they go a lot of tendons go through here as a matter of fact all the tenants from the forearm muscles for most those finger muscles movements the muscles here the tendons go through here and then you know without all the knees through the tunnel and then what we also have going through here's a nerve as known as the median nerve and then muscle uses a lot it gets warm and ha it expands the nerve is kind of a you know not a strong it's like gentle and sensitive and so it gets squeezed and then you feel tingling and that's a carpal tunnel syndrome we had that before I know a lot of typing and then the problem with that nerve is actually the converter the nerve also moves with muscle here that missed the muscle that pulls the palm down so guess how you are when you type so you contract this muscle going down and then you're type one I guess that's not going to be happier and in the next places up here murder nerve comes out of the neck and it goes through impossible we're going to talk about that muscle weight States called the scalenes right in here and then mark the nerve go straight to these muscles and the scalenes are attached to the ribs so you can hold up your head because you have to turn your shoulders up the boss is on managing because you're not fast enough and you talk really fast and you're all tense and then busy tension this is tense you distance here and everything fires up to get squeezed everywhere so that when in medicine then they do a nerve conduction velocity test so they prickly what they see how fast is the nerve travel or how first repeat it and if it's impeded down in here really down in here guess what they do surgery they do they caught this up that way you make me but you have to be careful you really want this to be the problems with the cotton fingers off or you have your rest because if not you have caught here and you still have the problem and so that could be a challenge but if need be we need to do it but if you have a dog if you if you want to do it and I think now they do it all the time anyway there's nerve conduction velocity story do not but if they don't do not get caught before you have the test or call them talk about because surgery is great but only if it's me necessary we first we do stuff on the outside that is not really that drastic then we take some pills see how that goes chemical stuff and then we do surgery we have to but that sort of my philosophy last least drastic to most drastic not just chocolate right at it where it gets me if it's back surgery and it's like that's really tough but anyway I need to move on to the lower extremities hello pelvis so the pelvis and we have these models that are from here to here now bring them in on Wednesday I find them here's the proper pelvis we talked about the sacrum already and now we're gonna talk about what it's also known as the coxal bone or the also did you see the turn offs OS it's all of it OS does that up if you see them at all as you know it's a ball also means bone all see us they call it osteopath it's a bone joint though so that I mentioned that before that ass so we have to match the one on each side they're made up of three bones the ilium the ischium and pubis the top part the front part and above part here the color code the ilium the ischium and the pubis they beat up in this well this is much if you think of the upper extremities you've got this glenoid cavity and it's Reed shallow down here that's is sturdy this is a sturdy ball and soccer this is softer than the ball that's pretty big it also has a labrum around it still so you can also have a labrum tear down there at hurts actually I never had it so I don't know but it did tell it hurts and so that socket here is known as the acetabulum acetabular nice work I think well let's go to the Iliad first the top here the biggest part of that it's known as the iliac crest it sort of babysits it's an easy rich perfect let me go back and we reach back on that cries till we get it to a blonde spot and you can actually feel it's right here in the back that's one spot that's known as the posterior superior iliac spine psi X P as I post your super index fun I can actually then go a little bit down I got a little divot and another bump that be the posterior inferior iliac spine who I don't think is that on the list oh yeah it's not on the test list but you need to label it once so you know you've seen it then all of that we have this you can really stick your thumb into it so that's the psi is the P I is and then here you think your fingering is known as the greater sciatic notch greater sciatic notch then we go all the way back up to the Christ to go to the front and they got a little more edgy bump in the front here right there it's still one because if you fall on it and it's to edge it's gonna hurt really bad and that's known as the anterior superior iliac spine or a as or as is from Ikea you always if you want to kill you go to the ads in section first you know that right get good deals there got some great furniture there nothing really wrong with it anyway then it has a little divot and a second little bump not really a big bump but that's technically the anterior inferior in your spine superior above inferior pole and then we have the iliac fossa and that's this in here just over here Pierre Falls there's a muscle iliacus of iliac iliacus great name for a muscle right there there's a muscle in here that's attaching it that actually attaches it here and goes all the way to this small bump and it raises up your leg so muscle here and then warm that's attaching to the through the spine might as well just do it real quick then attaches in here and in here and together it goes to this pump and that raises the spine places to the fire and so that is often a problem because this ain't all that so it's always short that Mouse is always short very short ACLU's together again stiffly when you stand up is like pain that you have that after long car ride is to stretch out that's partly because to get stiff we'll talk about those muscles where the collar wins some of my favorites and then the last term on the ilium is right here where the sacrum comes together with the ilium that's known as the auricular foss a regular surface is a auricular surface yet and it's not labeled it's it's the part of the ilium that makes the sacral iliac joint look at these names st. roch the sacral iliac is ilium when you have a joint you always mentioned the bones that make a job to make the collection tells you what is it what it is so the irregular surface on your model is this piece here that makes to join then it looks a little bit if you really split and really that looks like a little bit of it like an ear or would like it here like a little bit like that you just gotta believe these mark that the real bone model show those that those things a little bit better than the plastics okay that that brings me to the issue and the ischium is the sit bone or actually bone board is sit bone is act and the simple itself is known as the ischial tuberosity now that's a big tuberosity that's a big hole people we're gonna have almost not all but lots of muscles for the inside thigh and pretty much all of them for the hammies the hamstrings in the back are attached to that issue tuberosity the inside time also so cool because they ready to bring them up the leg inward and so they are attached in the front and in the back so they are like coming this way so they have a lot of variability in angling so next time you watch a football game and they go back and forth so we're so software so you see that's all these muscles working is crazy how versatile they are issued to cross the hotel's revelation we have an issue spine with an issue of ramus and then obturator foramen Oh the ischial spine is a little bump there that's the ischial spine right there the ischial ramus is the bar like structure that comes forward from the ischial tuberosity and that feeds into the front where the pubis bonus the prodigy or the pubic is that is all twisted there we go the front is where the pubic is you see right here so on the on the connect on the normal let's together you have the ischial tuberosity in the back the pot and then the rain is comes from from and then we have the pubic bone so the rain is for the issue is really only till about halfway and from there then you have the pubic bone and guess what on the pubic bone we also have rain we actually have a ramus here as the inferior got one here it's a super rings of detail homework detail not all of it is test detail so again from the seat bone we go forward towards the pubis we have to each heel ramus and then as we get to the former part we get to the pubis so we call that the inferior pubic ramus and then we got the pubic symphysis that's to join in the front and from there going backwards is the super pubic ramus and then its own post we start we going to the acetabulum and from there we become the ilium again and I think that's all this turtle right there who never won it better be a lot is a big pelvis oh and then powers it that's one place where the guys and the ladies of different a the woman's pelvis has to give birth and so it has to have it has to be wider you can this is look at look at this look at their how their oh this is compared to how wide this is the baby can get not even if it's all for sale the baby can go through here that's fine well not always but most of them and so you can differentiate between a male and a female pelvis by the width on top in terms of what's that the false pelvis how wide the false pelvis is that's the beginning part it's not that the false palate is where the baby sits inside the true problems but it's got to get through but that's for another day so that the female is much wider up here and then the other thing we can do is we can we can take the angle down here and we see that angle and female pelvis is much wider than one of the male pelvis this call to the QP game he big arch it's less than ninety 4.90 enacted in radiology x-ray taking people they're really funny they consider that and upside down martini glass no champagne glass yeah champagne glass because it's narrow and then that's a martini glass I guess they'll go drinking after work or something but it's very funny when you when you do some radiology we had to learn some reading of x-rays when I went to school and the term stems are just very funny like what is the Scottie dog fracture and stuff like that like I think they're also for going on okay that brings us to the fiber in that in an Anatomy this is the thigh this is delayed five leg here this is the arc this is the forearm so it's a little different but so the thigh is the femur femur big round thing big bump what's called what do you think Hey below that is pinning femoral head federal leg and then we got a big bump on the outside you know that's what the one you hit on the outside that's no nested oh wait about here the greater trochanter trochanter big ball well and also attachments actually all the mouse is pretty much a lot of the Muslim that come from the rim here and then the sacrum they anchored it here like they're like a wheel so they're all the type of work they hope you know standing so the pelvis doesn't fall down that kind of stuff we'll talk about that when we get to it so that's the greater trochanter then on the other side on the inside right in the immediately we have a lesser trochanter that's where that muscle mass is attached that I talked about from coming from here and bringing the dial that's where that's where that attaches in the lesser control and then I have to turn there for fair copy tease and copy means head for where is a little depression that's in the middle of a head that's actually there and do you have a ligament that goes from there into the acetabulum and holds the femur in there more doesn't fall out Dallas that's the fovea capitis then we got the Linea aspera so when II then turn the fever around the shaft of the femur in the back has a behind the ricci line and that is a lot of muscle attachments actually your quads lots of your quads they come from the back and they go to the front tap that they're that big they reach around you also have a lot of the abductors to medial muscles that break the leg invert they're also attached in there lots of stuff that's the Linea aspera where is it oh here Linea aspera nice term it's a little not as easy well it's easy to see but it's much sharper on a real bone plastic ball and then if you go downward we got these two big bumps they're known as the condom we have a medial condyle and a lateral condyle congas make joint this is interesting this knee joint is interesting because we think it's just like like this one it closes and opens its like it bends like it's a door closed and a hinge thing it's not really it's more like these it's kind of by mechanically not really properly made that way in the model because these novels these condyle knuckles they roll on the tibia on the lower leg bone that's why when we get to that next bone the big big shin bone that's the tibia tibia and the top pieces of the tibia are also known as Conda now we have femoral condyles now also have tibial condyles mediaand lat who four terms one day isn't that cool check it out check it out in between those columns we've got a little raised structure is known as - intercom chiller eminence yes your highness so the king sitting in here this is actually made of ligament attachments so in the need look at the detail in the knee we got oh yeah I can actually do this hole here so we got the cond out here on the femur the other side they can see then the tibia we have to come out here and here and in between is that eminence and inside they've got ligaments you've got one here and you've got one here and they're actually crossing over a little bit so they're known as two cruciate ligaments ACL I've ever heard of the NAEYC Altair Romulo is the front wall yeah you know then it keeps going on top of the thing sticks backwards that's the ACL tear so that's why when you are working out you work out all right oh yeah well we're gonna back they tell you don't put your knee in front of your foot when you go down that's why you don't want to stress the ACL and so the other thing you have in is knee you've got these ridges you see these rich cartilage riches the white on top on the outside they go in like that they're sort of then and then what they do so they're sitting like on top of this blackness and think like they guide the the the contrast the femoral condyles when we made the knee so they grow like that the congas roll sort of on the tibial conduct they're guided the motion is guided by the mini sky or meniscus we have one on the outside one of these inside meniscus and you know is fibrocartilage that's like Tupperware structure very very sturdy but it also the leg can be a little bit brittle and if you chop off many of a meniscus tear and then often is you move into it honestly hurts like hell because some piece is lodged in here it stretches these ligaments and that hurts I had it happen once I was like 20 hours like topless one with me I can't even walk no more my first was like I don't know that was this is an artificial knee I just had one one of my newer patients think oh no no no my ex-mother-in-law she has a new placement and now they took an extra gurney and then they they printed one a corridor so we're doing it so that's great because standard rehab is way better than do it metal they have some good more plastic so that's cool the other thing here that I missed mentioning so far on the fever back to the fever is we have this patellar surface behind the kneecap and the kneecap is known as the patella and the patella is really cool I mean if you think about you have all these five muscles here and they calm down like from here it straight down and then they attacked right in here oh this by the way is known as the tibial tuberosity the bump in the front of the knee tibial tuberosity that's where all the quality muscles anchoring that's your biggest muscle mass you go they anchor all in here that's a longer point so a lot of times when you're teenagers especially boys were very active the bone doesn't respond as fast to the most liberals and the muscle pulls or they didn't hit anything this gets inflamed tibial tendon 9s tipple tendinitis or Oscars walks into a bar the typical treatment they say takes about two years two years is a teenage boy what are you gonna do with that kid so I researched because the guy who helped make splash sandwiches sometimes he has a kidney had it I was like no no no let me think about that and I found a physical therapist in Australia who is Olympic level and she had a technique that fixed it in three weeks apparently and the technique was you do like you go like that with some olive oil twice a day for a few minutes and you strength you lengthen all the quad muscles so to speak which takes the pressure off the tibial tuberosity because it's not yanking so much how simple is that it's cool I want to you know it was like well why didn't anybody else think of that first you know and so that's why I want to bring that thinking in because it's like it's not that complicated the more we understand the anatomy and how it sort of functions to easier we can you know get a handle of these kind of things so I tell everybody because that's one of like the kids need you know that but you could have a role or you just roll down it's like it's it's a food for thought and so the kneecap is to Patel so oh yeah back to why we haven't Patel so if you think of all the quads coming from behind here you're coming from you're going down and anchoring into this without a patella we have a steep car like we go from here and then it goes straight down a 90 degree angle if I were to contract this muscle and have a movement that's guided and it's a 90 degree angle I need a lot of force generated here until this initial pull is overcome and imbalance that's overcome it Yanks it up like so fast because then it's way too much force so we can patellar I can round the muscle going down and I can adjust the force I have to so we have smooth motion so that's it the biggest sesamoid bone we have and the sesamoid bone is a bone that's not really a bone long time it's a it's a calcification type bone inside a tendon we have it here we have it here we have it here many places but if this is the easy one to understand by mechanically why we have to sew in favors the motion pattern it helps us smooth out the motion so that's really cool so that's a patella and then we go back to the tip so the particular real quick tibial tuberosity from we got the lateral condyle middle tone a little controller eminence your highness and then we got the tip you are itself and then on the bottom we got the ankles then we got the inside ankle and we got an outside and cobalt yeah this was rubbing on my ski boot so that all from the or when your bicycle have you ever hit that with your bicycle hey it's like the Pope yeah yeah so that hurts that's known as the medial malleolus oh nice word medial malleolus that's the inside that's on the tibia so the medial malleolus in the tibia and anyway we go to the outside one it's actually on your bone it's on the fibula and the fibula is the skinny bone on the outside there and so that thing that here's the feet with no lateral malleolus and a little small way to the top and on top we call that the head head of the fibula that's all we worry about here and I want to show these in the skeleton that's articulated I'm not going to put a bone up say what's the head well which one it looks so similar so that's that and then we get to from there we have only a little bit left and and that's T ankle in the foot so in the hand we have the carpals and a foot we have the tarsals carpenters I'm only going to point out a few here the heel bone is known as two calcaneus calcaneus is the heel one and then the other pole that I wanted to know is this cube shape bonus right here but if Tina comes down and pushed it right onto it it's not the talus known as the talus and from there then the force you know as far as coming down a lot of force you know one foot of the jump that's a lot of force and so from that a force against is distributed to the front to the back and underneath you and the foot we have this arch we have this version I guess it's not that there is we have this longitudinal arch if we don't have an artist flat feet when I did the seminar for my that great muscle technique that our the doctor took me and said yeah I stand on this table there let me take the shoes off everybody go look 20 doctors look at my feet he has flat feet I guess I have flat feet many people have flat feet that's one reason why this is one place where inserts are fine I don't like you know bracing too much and supporting the body unless it's necessary but not all the time but in the feet there's so there's some stuff we can do but it's really hard to activate these muscles inside enough that they're gonna launch back so there's some support that puts the odd job that's that's good Super T we also have an arch this way in the front so that's nice it bounces this way that's good but if it does leave it goes down it hurts and you feel like we're walking on marbles and that's known as plantar fasciitis so down here we have a thick band that spends it's the sole for basically it's that's known as the plantar fascial faster I just think it's a soft ish it's like a big thick ligament the facture flat a flat ligament and it goes across and if it gets inflamed we call it it-it's fasciitis so it'll be plantar fasciitis and that's often when that arch is sort of a little bit collapsed so if you have that problem we'll talk about what to do about it call me and then on this one I wanted to also mention is let me twist our ankle we break these ligament so we just always stretch these ligaments on the outside and then we don't have the stability here so much anymore so then the calf muscles that go around here that anchor actually all the way over here if you've talked about those they have to do all that work to hold the ankle from the straight position and they get really really tight so if you have time musculature here because you have to lose the ankles you twist all the time in something you can massage or so but just it goes together with it okay so what else we got there we got the phalanges and the phalanges are like the ones in a minute we got the tarsals here I don't they're not as complicated this is navicular these are the Pina forms is the cuboid so there's not as maintenance you'll learn that next time but these are the metatarsals and again one through five big toe which is to the little toe the pinky toe metatarsals and then at the end we got the phalanges again and the voyages are the same even the little pinky toe has three phalanges and the big honkin big toe has only two so the size or the bones don't matter this is actually considered a longbow even though it's tiny but it's longer than wide still considered too long all right good any questions all right let's get to work there's a lot of terms