Module 8: Patient Safety (Part 2)

Key Focus Areas

Falls are a major concern, especially in older adults.
- By 2030, estimated 7 fall deaths per hour.
- From 2007 to 2016, 30% increase in fall-related deaths.
Risk Factors
- Physiological Issues: Lower body weakness, vision and sensory problems, foot pain.
- Medication: Certain medications can increase fall risk.
- Environmental Hazards: At home and in care institutions.
- Healthcare Processes: Equipment like oxygen tubing and IVs.
Fall Risk Assessment
- Use tools like Morse Fall Scale or institution-specific scales.
- Included in admission assessments and ongoing daily assessments.
- Consider patient history, coordination, medication, incontinence, and equipment.
Fall Precautions
- Universal precautions for all patients: clear environment, call lights, etc.
- Vital for high-risk patients, but important for all due to unfamiliar environments.

Used for restless patients with safety considerations.
Types
- Physical/Mechanical: Wrist restraints, leather straps.
- Chemical: Sedation through medication.
- Seclusion: Confined spaces.
Restraints are a major risk factor and should ideally be avoided.
Guidelines
- Orders required from authorized medical professionals.
- Must include justification and be time-limited.
- Ongoing documentation of physiological and psychological status.
Alternatives
- Diversionary activities, bed/chair alarms, use of sitters.

Focus on safety for both patients and healthcare workers.
- Regular cleaning and disinfection.
- Safe handling of sharps.
- Adequate PPE provision.
Safe Patient Handling
- Protects both patient and staff from injury.
- Encouraged to watch linked video on the importance and impact.
Implications
- Reduces harm and cost to the healthcare system.