all right last time and where we're going today is we're going to look at some key themes that are going to recur throughout this class as we introduce what psychology is what you're going to find first of all is this if I could summarize what I'm about to cover over the next hour in time it's going to be that we humans are very complex as we begin to study human behavior and as we begin we have to apply a method and that method is science and science is uncovered that you guys and all of the other humans out there have behaviors that have multiple determinations that is what we call multiple causes as to why they occur I'll give you an example when we start to learn and explore why people behave we find that they do some things very interestingly very quick so if I was to ask you why you trusted somebody how many met somebody recently that you never you didn't know them at all but you're first impression of them was I like them and I trust them how many has that happened to recently anybody oh a lot of you somebody tell me why if you didn't know them and they're a stranger why did you trust them why did your first thought was that um my roommate she was really open and just put off this like where you could tell tell or your secrets to other people okay when you met your room for the first time you felt real close to her like she was friendly she would maintain confidentiality if you shared some things with her people who I trusted trusted them oh you you uh they knew people that you knew and so you like those other people and you go okay they trust this person right like really and they seem to have offered and and feel comfortable and then um she said then even offered help without you even asking for it that's good because of their first impression maybe their first impression that they kind of give off was positive and let me ask real quickly just the opposite have you ever had an interaction recently with somebody that you didn't trust and didn't like right away anything that gave it away to you what did you most of you raised your hands as in as meeting somebody recently that you didn't trust and didn't really maybe like right away and maybe still don't if they're your roommates don't raise your hand if I ask but you could I don't know that's fine what gave it away why that well what did they give that made you give the opposite feeling insincerity what insincerity there was some insincerity was that is that a bad thing if there's not a lot of sincerity we go not that's not a good thing they didn't like what I was eating they didn't like what you were eating okay and so like I know I don't like that and like well then we can never eat meals together bad start gosip they might gossip and so you've said something to them and you heard them talking about it later on and right or they're telling me stuff or they're telling you stuff about things yeah they demonstrate lots of self-interest or maybe self self-interest I'm standing at the my door one night not I wasn't standing there actually I was at my house it was 9:30 at night 950 9:45 whatever like this kids were in bed and here's what I heard on my front door like no it's 9:45 at night who knocks on your door unless you live in a dorm and even then they don't knock but I'm in a house I got kids family and all a sudden there's a knock on the door and I go to I look at Elis like that's weird I go to the door and standing on my front porch is a woman little bitty tiny woman who's kind of mousy because I could barely hear her and I open the door and I say oh hi stranger never met her before took a look at her thought oh hi can I help you what's up like that she goes yeah um in a very mousy way it's hard for me to even say it that real quiet and I was like I'm sorry I can't hear you can you speak up well this is really weird and I'm really sorry to interrupt you and bug you it's so late at night but something happened and I went oh what tell me what's going on well well see I got a new job and I've been working for a couple of weeks but I don't get paid for about four days and my rent is due tonight and I'm gonna get kicked out of my apartment tonight if I don't pay my rent and I'm just wondering I know this is really weird but do you think you can help what would you say if somebody like that short little thing M mousy knocks on your door what's your I tell you what I did see I even think about these kinds of things I studied altruism that's what my degree is in master of PhD stud I understand what helping behavior is and when someone asks I also as a Believer as a Christian believe that one of the things we ought to do is when somebody asks for help we got to be prepared yes how many would how many feel like that's that's an important value we can even talk about some Biblical verses that help guide us in helping people and so I said this to her I said oh well first of all what would you do and I said well like how much do you need she goes well I'm looking like maybe for $75 or $100 I need about $100 to make rent and I said this I'm so glad you came yeah God has given us so much to be thankful for and you know we don't have 100 just necessarily lying around but when people need help no problem I'm so glad yeah you know my wife and I talk about helping people in need like this all of the time and that's that's great okay no problem that's my initial that's what happened on this door but now see all kinds of things are going through my mind I'm evaluating this person I happen to know a lot about this kind of topic and so one thing I have learned over time is that it's okay to ask questions see a lot of times people come up and ask for help and they they don't you ask questions and all a sudden you start to find out new things but people when they get in this other side and you know they feel like they shouldn't ask well why or anything and they feel like that's maybe rude but it's not rude at all in fact let me challenge you if someone comes up and asks for Aid it's okay to not only be gracious and generous and help but it's also okay to ask questions you see people sometimes react very POS quickly in odd situations like that I'll continue with this story in just a minute but we we used to have people in Psychology great demonstration people lined up to uh back in the days when there were copy machines and people had to make a lot of copies there would always be lines late at night sometimes in the library and especially during busy times people be lining up trying to make copies of a book they were reading or whatever and psychologist began to study line behavior and to find out you know what would give people away what would allow people to be able to cut into a line you ever wanted to know that what would allow me to be able to cut into a line without people getting real mad at me do you know there's one simple thing you can do to enhance your ability to cut into a line and people letting you what is it that you think you could do to get in and by the way I'm going to tie this back to our story in just a second but what is it I can do to get into this line what might I do to enhance or increase my likelihood of being able to cut without people being real mad at me ask for help to make a copy ah maybe I say I listen I need some help making a copy make yourself ask ask questions start a conversation maybe going long how do you cut like maybe start talking to somebody right like hey just wonder if I can ask some questions of you is that what you would do what house could you maybe enhance your likelihood of cutting act like it's really urgent act like it's really urgent like I don't know how you would do that but like oh my gosh like that like that maybe that didn't work but that might I just need to like in the I just need paid for this everyone does but if you say that then people like oh go ahead oh okay I just got to hurry up and without thinking and by the way eventually we're going to get at what I was trying to get at which is a lot of people do things without thinking and asking questions anything else you would do to enhance the likelihood of you being able to cut act really crazy so people are scar act a little crazy so that people are scared of you yeah that's always been an effective way of influencing people is it how many what maybe some other things you've done have you done that actually crazy so people are afraid of you he prefer not to express and tell you yes or no act sad they don't want to make your day worse actually sad cuz maybe they don't want to make you feel worse like oh my gosh my life yeah and they'll feel sorry for you find someone else you know try and find somebody in line that you know and get to and hang out or get to know someone in line that you would like to get to know okay they did all these different things but the single most effective one is ready for you to cut in any line the most effective technique they found was simply for you to have a reason that worked the best you walked up to somebody near the front of the line and say I'm so sorry I'm really late for class could I cut in line here make copies or I'm so sorry you're not going to believe this but man I got to catch a daxi in like well not maybe in LA or a bus not even that my roommate is leaving like in one minute I have to make a copy is that and people without thinking go like this oh sure they don't ask questions in fact it's such a light Ood that they respond to you out of this script that this works just as effectively people are standing in line and you walk up excuse me I really got to make some copies you think I can cut in line people go oh yeah sure and then they go a I got to make copies you see you just gave a reason I got to make copies can I get in line yeah sure people just respond it's weird I got to get some coke I got to stand in this line I oh yeah go ahead wait that's what I'm doing so the lady needs help and I think well that's an okay thing I just respond if somebody asks you for something you're like oh if I have it sure walking down the street of Denver one day with this girl um we're on a date we're going to a restaurant and this guy comes up to me and he says yeah hey do you got uh do you have $5 I said no I don't sorry do you have okay do you have like then a dollar you have change for a dollar or do you have change and I'm went no I'm sorry I don't have anything and he goes nothing not even Court I said no I'm sorry and we walked away we get to the restaurant we sit down and we're eating and I say to the person that I was sitting with I said I had change for a dollar and I also had five and she's like kind of like Well why'd you tell him no you lied to him kind of thing and I went well actually and then I went through this whole sequence of my thoughts when he came out you see the first thing I thought about him was I didn't trust him he looked dangerous to me the way he was dressed what he was looking for where we were I felt uncomfortable and all these things went off by the way the reason I did all this is about one another the theme we're going to talk about is life is very subjective you see I also worked in a lot of homes in a lot of places with some scary people you see I worked with behaviorally Disturbed boys that were placed there by the courts 50 of them lived in a home a ranch where I worked I worked ready with the criminally insane on a maximum security Ward at Colorado State Hospital the most serious criminally insane people who are too dangerous to even have up at their prisons are put into this maximum security Ward and so now I'm walking down the street I have all of these things in my background I also worked with emotionally disturb boys and girls two different homes and now this guy comes up to me everything about him said run run run and so I said no no no fairly aggressively stay away because now was I right I don't know how accurate we'll never know but he walked away I walked away I told her and she still didn't understand like but why didn't you give anything like well because I tried to explain it she's like huh you're weird kind of thing that was like our one of our last dates she didn't like the food I was eating so the lady at my door I now know it's okay to ask questions instead of just going yeah sure we do like to help and in fact that's why I said yeah sure in fact I don't think I have that much cash but I'll give you a check is that okay uhhuh all right but let me ask you a couple questions and so I just started asking her questions like you just got a job where did you get a job is that an okay question to ask somebody she's knocking out my door late at night and I say oh and she said some place I never heard of it but oh it's like this industry really cool so what do you do there and she kind of explain and so you're getting kicked out tonight yeah unless you come up with the money yeah huh well I'll tell you what that sounds fine we'll give you but I tell you what instead of giving you money what we like to do is go ahead and another thing we do is working in these kind of environments we learned some trick other things like we'll go pay for you now put yourself in her shoes you're knocking on somebody's door you're so desperate that you got to go knock on a stranger's door to ask for $75 to $100 and you feel like led to this place and you knock and you ask for it if the person at that door says I'll tell you what I'll drive you or walk you and I I thought she might feel uncomfortable with that because she kind of hesitated and I said oh well then I won't my wife will take you because female female thing whatever she'll take you now what if somebody offered that to you what would you say if I said I'll go pay that $100 to your land lady if you really want it what would you say yes thank you and so if they don't say yes thank you what do you think you should do you should have all kinds of red flags go up and she goes oh no that wouldn't work at all and I go oh that's weird why not well just because it' just be if you gave me the money I said well I'll tell you what that's okay but how do you don't live that far away you said right ah no worries don't it's so late oh don't worry my wife she'll go with you in fact she's getting her stuff on yeah come on let's go and she goes no it would be better if you just gave me the money so now these first red flags go up and I go really huh well we kind of have a policy that we'll give the money to your land lady not a problem or even put you up in a hotel tonight if you need no problem if you're going to get kicked out and I said but I think it'd be good and she said I said why would you not want well the other thing is my lent she she goes to bed early so she she'll be woken up and I went and yet she's going to kick you out tonight oh yeah and now all of a sudden my reading of her Changed by the way the whole time I'm kind of like hm suspicious suspicious suspicious and I did something I'm not sure if I'm really proud of I started I kind of got mad at her and I said this I said now wait a minute hold on you don't we're offered to go pay the rant tonight give you money and go even put you up in a hotel if you need because you're going to get kicked out if you can't but you're not accepting any of this and you're you just want me to give you the money and you can walk away from from here I said I'm not sure I believe your story and she's like now that's uncomfortable isn't it but by the way I think it's very appropriate and and I'll just say here's what I wasn't really proud of I said you know what not only do I don't want to help you tonight because I think you're lying to me I want you to get off my property that's what I wasn't really proud of was that bad how many would have done that how many feel like I was a bad man I said not only do I want you have my property then I took my finger like this I said I don't want you to go to my neighbors either go on you're lying to me I can tell and I'm again I'm I'm I'm trained in this area I I understand things I didn't tell her that but I understand deception and lying and she was doing it the whole way she didn't want it she just want it and I said stay off go leave don't go and if you go to my neighbors I promise I'll go tell them what you're doing and I'm like gee Lisa is like well that was a kind of a quick change in you but she understands and she trusts me I didn't feel all that good about it next day I went to work I saw one of my buddies over here professor and I just happened to mention to him I said oh this was weird last night and he goes and you told her to leave I said yeah I was kind of mean too like get off my property and I'll go tell the neighbors and all that he goes wow so I told him about it less than 10 days later my buddy that I told comes over to my office and he says Chris you are not going to believe what just happened to me can you tell me what that lady looked like and I said she a little mousy thing kind of like that she kind of talk he goes you're not going to believe what he lives not far maybe about two miles from me goes you're not going to believe who knocked on my door last night and I said who he goes little mousy girl just like that she needed $75 for rent who going to get kicked out and I offered I listened I remembered your story I said oh I'll go take your money to the landl he said no just give me the cash and and I said what happened he goes I told her to get off my property you were over there you went to my friend's house and I told her to leave and I went yeah she was making her way all over here making money because people don't like to necessarily ask these questions and do things we like to go by scripts they need help oh bad I better help without hold on here I I am also got some money that I want to invest wisely in people and it's not mine it's all gods I'd love to give you some whatever I have but doesn't me have to be stupid about it now as we study psychology I'm making very quick conscious and unconscious decisions in this and we psychologists got to study that we have to slow things down there are things that you have to learn and ways in you have to go and study it's not just for most of us it's not just going oh I think I trust or don't trust you so therefore I'll do this there's also a science behind it we are very very good at determining and detecting these things but sometimes it takes years to even slow this down pay attention watch it which is why I told you that there's a man out there who's watched couples for over 20 years film them and is able to say that he can predict with 90 some percent accuracy the likelihood of two people getting a divorce by just simply watching them interact with each other by watching certain things we're very good at this how trustworthy is it what are some ways what are some ways that we might air what are some things that we might uh need to pay attention to how are how and why does the human brain work to process things I told you about the amydala the speed at which we pick things up we pick up emotions from other people by this very quick route and you said I trusted this person I bet some things hit you in this what we call Low Road of Consciousness where the amigdala picks things up but if you stop and thought how can I get to know this person better that's the high road of Consciousness how can I what might be a good way for me to study that thinking up here what we call the high road probably through the frontal cortex and the part of the brain that works this way which we're going to study in here and sometimes it's very quick but even making these statements requires people to slow down the process of studying humans and watching for a long time and that's the themes we're going to cover you see psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes I put this up last time but it's the study of the mind or mental processes and behavior but to do it as a science is what we're going to spend a little bit of time talking about requires an investment and a method by which we explore things like helping or giving or lying or deceiving we're very good what we call Natural or um maybe a better way is Lay psychologists we're very good at that most of your instincts are pretty good you read people in a certain way my guess is you're probably reading them accurately if you said I really kind of trusted this person or didn't trust it because we're pretty good Detectors of that they had people sitting just like you in a classroom and at the end of the semester they had them evaluate professors to say did you like that class was that a good was was this professor any good or not did was the material good but did they present it in such a way and they rated them at the end well Studies have shown that they've also found out you know these scores and those scores were highly correlated with people who only saw they decided how much time do you need to be with that professor before you decide that they're pretty good how much time do you think you need in a class in front of a particular professor to realize if they're any good or not how much time do you think you would need to compare with the valuations of somebody that sat in the entire semester and watched them do you think you could just simply watch this person for how long how many times before you thought you could make a pretty good judgment of them anybody want to take a guess o 30 minutes could you tell in 30 minutes the first minute of class first minute of class that's all you need to know maybe a couple classes maybe a couple classes they decided to try this out by the way they took Snippets of Faculty teaching for five minutes and they took Snippets and people were by the way they wento and they correlated very well at the end of the semester with that and then they said let's try a little bit lower and they went one minute then they went to 30 seconds they even found students were pretty good at determining were pretty strongly matched up what this professor was do after a 5c clip of just watching this person him or her we're pretty good at it but what does it mean and can it be wrong and what about these kind of what we call unconscious processes that are very we call unconscious cognition you're good at it ready think about a stranger that you've met in the last 24s hours somebody that maybe a waiter or a waitress at a restaurant you never seen them before or somebody that checked you out somewhere to well you know like at a at a grocery store whatever checked you out or checked you out at the grocery store a stranger anybody have that ready think of their face how many have within the last 48 hours somebody you never seen before how many have their face in mind think about it real quick 24 40 hours can you picture their face are you good if I showed you their face do you think if I flashed it up here you remember you never seen them before do you think you'd be able to pick their face out then I took another group of people and suppose I that was in this classroom I said ready and I happened to have the picture of these strangers and I flashed them up to you and you'd go oh that's him that's her she was checking me out at the grocery store what if we took another classroom and said the same thing somebody over the last 24 to 48 hours and you've never seen now write down their face tell me everything about them what did they look like describe for me what their hair was like what do what kind of features what were they wearing were they tall short start describing and writing down what they looked like and what if we spent like 30 minutes going over the details who would be able to pick out the faces of the stranger better you or classroom B when I had him go through all that scenario who would be better at picking out the faces of a stranger and remembering somebody You' never seen before if you just simply did it like I described it think about the face could you pick them up or we went through a detailed way in which we start to look at and think about faces who says this classroom would be better than the classroom that I just described how many say that classroom I described over there where they took 30 minutes to write down the details and thought about it and kind of H how many don't know you don't even know what I'm talking about right now the answer is the other classroom is not better at this in fact they do worse because it's something like this your brains do something very quickly when we process information about faces we've never seen before our brains Lodge them in and we record them kind of in this facial recognition part of the brain in something called well in the right hemisphere which has a lot to do in this right hemisphere with kind of images and pictures not all of it but most of the time it's house there and your recall for that is pretty good what happened to the other group when I started to ask them to tell me about the face and to write it down it also happens to people who happen to see crimes when they start to rehearse it and write it down and think through the face and say well it was kind of brown hair and I couldn't tell he's kind of parted there and a little short but you know he had kind of weird eyebrows and and well let me think this the left hemisphere begins to take take over and the left hemisphere starts to write and overwrite the picture that you had in the right Hemisphere by something a process that we call verbal overshadowing and in this verbal overshadowing We Now find that it actually messes up their recall of the real face isn't that interesting so all the point is is that to get to these kinds of conclusions about human behavior things that I think are very important because they're about us we have to do this scientifically and it has to be done in a discipline using a method that we say is empirically based you see just because you tell me something about oh I like this professor or not well that's great it's an armchair kind of reaction why you trust or not trust somebody which is accurate but also prone to eror but the only way we eventually get down to what are the factors involved D what parts of the brain are even involved what kinds of experiences and background we have to do this by doing something called an empirical investigation using observation and documentation that's a theme we'll talk about science as the method the preferred method for psychologist to use in fact most of my lecture next time is going to be on the science of psychology another key theme is that behavior is going to be multi-determined what that simply means is that behavior your behavior whether or not you like or dislike something why in which you acted in a particular way is what we call multi-determined how do we know and explain people's behavior by narrowing it down we try and find but rarely do we ever find a single cause for your behavior if you had a friend that anybody have know somebody that dropped out of college after the first semester dropped out 20 hands are raised if I asked you why did they drop out you can probably give me an answer well they didn't have enough money they didn't do very well they didn't connect they didn't do anything but rarely is the answer that simple we call this that there are probably many factors related to explaining why we did what we did why did I get mad at this poor lady standing on my doorstep well it wasn't one single thing you see but her behavior was determined by things but so was my behavior a lot of things that went into that and so a theme in Psychology is going to be that psychology is multi-behavior that I'm multi-determined psychology says that behavior sorry is multi-determined it could be because I mentioned before shyness has a very strong hereditary link it's very what we call internally explainable that is there's some genetic reasons for a lot of our shy Behavior or high excitability or reactivity we talked about last time but sometimes our behavior is the result more of our experiences I think I'm a little bit more suspicious maybe of people better yet I'm maybe I guess a little bit more skeptical because I've been around people that you know are Disturbed people that are criminally insane act and think differently and it influences your world view yes but that means that some of my environment some of my experiences have shaped what who I am and so when we look at your behavior we have to look at your genetic background and your external environment we put it all together it becomes what we call this multifactoral causation of behavior okay a multifactoral causation of behavior there's lots of reasons there's a man who recently claimed well no didn't claim he confessed to a crime he confessed to this crime this way and it was to this person you don't need to write this down Colorado John Benet Ramsey was murdered in 1996 how many have heard of this murder long time ago possibly she'd be close to your age now I would imagine if she had lived no yeah what what year were some of y'all born yeah she was probably around your age 1996 she was 6 years old some of you close not far off you don't have to write this down John B was murdered in Colorado 1996 her killer has never been found two years ago no four years ago this man John Mark Carr was arrested and confessed to killing her now John Mark Carr said I killed her the investigation been going on for over 20 uh yeah 10 years then at that point it was later determined he was in Atlanta at the time of the murders and his DNA cleared him of Any of of being there why would John Mark Carr confess to killing somebody that he didn't kill maybe what guil maybe he had a guilty conscience about something uh that maybe something else happened and he just wanted to confess it maybe I think maybe just to cover for maybe to cover for somebody else maybe there was something he did the other person who did Kill forced him maybe maybe there was some sort of way in which the real murderer convinced him or forced him people what's that oh maybe he he he he just simply wanted to be known for something and to be popular that's a good one maybe he was told so many times that he did maybe he told himself or somebody told him so many times they did it he just started believing it maybe he was crazy maybe he was crazy why did he confess no one knows why would an innocent man what factor factors do you see what I mean by multicausal you came up with about 10 to 15 you'd have to go out and explore all of these and understand this there's lots of reasons why somebody might do something and this is just an odd behavior by the way a family spokes person said he may have some personality problems but he's not a killer huh is it personality issues are the dis orders is there a way in which he wanted to maybe bring attention to S all kinds of things all right it's hard enough when a person is H has some struggles and issues and let's call this he's suffering most likely from mental disorder then predicting his behavior can be difficult but what if we took people more normal what if we tried to predict behavior let's say somebody like um I don't know let's try somebody more normal let's try U Michael Jackson okay maybe not let's do this person who is that Lady Gaga okay she's not normal could we predict somebody's Behavior normal how about a bunch of you all B Biola students at a basketball game or midnight madness or at some other event could we explain you why would people all dress up in the same colors why are they screaming and lifting their hands why are they yelling like that or dancing looking like that or is he why would you behave that way could we explain their behavior RI mentality riet mentality they feel what we talked about last time maybe anonymity to act in a crazy way how else can we explain behavior like that in groups press peer pressure the excitement of the moment maybe they just naturally kind of like to hang out in big groups and act feeding each other feeding off others energy and the emotions that we talk about okay all that to say when we take even more normal behavior just simply taking a snapshot it becomes complex you sitting here taking notes some of you it's pretty easy you're sitting here taking notes you're writing down things that's pretty easy to explain H but there's a lot that goes into it and psychologist as a key theme that we're going to explore throughout this class has found that our Behavior has lots of causes to it and it is almost impossible for me and anybody else to give you a single people say oh you study psychology can you tell me why this like no I can't we work with couples and they get divorced why does somebody get divorced it's like oh my God I can tell you like many reasons there's no one thing people say oh they got divorced because he cheated on her she she just could not you know whatever and that's why they got divorced n it was destined to fail at the beginning because well guess what as we stop and explore these kinds of behaviors they become come very multi-determined on top of that level of complexity is the fact that many psychologists come out of different disciplines what we call a the um theologically a theoretically diverse set of assumptions and schools exist in the field of psychology currently we would say there are a number of perspectives out there in the field of psychology that help Orient and guide how we even explain or study human behavior some of the most common perspectives out there and you'll see these listed in your textbook would be a neuroscience perspective the the one I've been kind of talking a little bit about when I say the amydala has a very important role in US understanding things like emotions or fear or even the guy who lost his sight and still saw what he saw because of the amydala pathway to the eyes he still was able to pick out how he felt when he saw picture of a human in front of him even though he couldn't see it remember he still felt happy because they were smiling well that's a neuroscience perspectiv that says some of and they would approach the World by looking at that but there are others like The evolutionary perspective is huge explaining our behavior in humans on the basis of understanding that we've from an evolutionary standpoint have had millions of years and you can explain oh that's why people behave the way they do that's a big common popular perspective out there but so is behavioral genetics our behavior is a our behavior is a result of our genetic background and that which has influenced us in many ways sh form is because of some of the things that have occurred um in our genetic history epens and every every other kind of ways in which we can think through behavior that way or there's still even old perspective on psychodynamic or behavioral cognitive and social cultural perspectives these are talked about in your book I want you just to look at them but they different perspectives that is and there there's a lot of diversity so even if you meet a single psychologist you don't necessarily know what theoretical perspective they might be bringing so for me by the way my training my training is usually right here in Social cultural okay A little bit of cognitive and a little bit of Behavioral that's my training but I have interests in some of these others um and they're very diverse just to show you you don't have to write this down psychologists have what's called this division of American Psychological Association I'll call it APA the American Psychological Association and there are all these different divisions and so just to show you how diverse this group is you can be a member of like one or two or you can be a member of as many divisions as you want but most people are members of like two or three divisions and they go to these national conferences and I'll give you two pages of these ready here are all the different divisions that are recognized by the American Psychological Association of which you you can be a member and go to their and there are hundreds and hundreds of psychologists that are members of each of these divisions and they have their own little groups and they meet and they talk about research and then by the here's the next page right now there's like 56 there's actually fewer than that maybe there's you know because there's a few that aren't up there they disbanded or don't you know aren't around as much anymore so they lose their number but they anyway I'll tell you what just to show you you can I you might want to see these number different topics they might study but let's go back do you have a question about what might they study or might they might be interested in a psychologist in one of these divisions if you if you have an interest maybe I can tell you what they do there just give me maybe the number that you want me to say what do they do in like number 19 or whatever number 10 okay uh number 10 psychology in the Arts well um PR primarily psychologist and this connection with the with the art world involves lots of things understanding and appreciating art but even the very fact of how we take in things um the use of for example three dimensions and how what what that does the use of colors and and its impact um how you might use contexts or locations to change how a person might feel or experience a work of art but those are just some different ways guys that's just on like the sensation side and the perception side eer use of of you know uh two figure years uh even applying this um there's different ways in which they might apply the findings like doing art therapy for example with with kids um anybody else have a number that was a good one if not I'll move on yeah 20 what 25 uh 25 is experimental analysis of behavior kind of what we've been talking about um all of the principles involved with uh understanding how and why human behave but even understanding the methods and the different approaches the the uh limitations that we have um but they would study well you can imagine mostly about how you go about studying it um okay anybody else no 21 21 oh applied experimental and Engineering psychology engineering psychology this is kind of known as if you ever heard of human factor psychology um human factors you can create let's say an engineer a product let's say like this computer keyboard but you uh psychologists or human factors or engineering psychologists would come alongside and help how you design a keyboard to to interact with a human like um one of my classes in this we studied uh we were looking at the Space Shuttle and at the time they were doing these man maneuvering units these were the old things that they would be able to take space you know space walks and you have to be tethered but these would be untethered because they'd be in this have you ever heard of those they're sitting in like this chair that would kind of like move them around you know as like a man maneuvering unit you could more like a you know I don't know but you could do well Engineers created this cool thing but the engineering psychologist came around and said look this guy's going to have a big old glove and you have these two buttons this one moves you forward this one mov back and they're right next to each other with a big glove he can move them both or this one you know ejects him or something you got to scoot that button over or if they're you know under all these G's of pressure you got to reach up should you have ready I had a whole class on buttons and knobs because if you want somebody engineering let's say let's say you're in a fighter jet and you're flying this thing and all of a sudden you now have um somebody's about to shoot you down and you have to take evasive action you have to do it really quick should you have a button that you push twist lift up and down punch what should it be you have to make the quickest decision should it be beep beep beep be or and milliseconds matter well that's what we studied what color should they be does a human process certain colors faster better quicker and if you wanted them to go oh bad like that should they be in a certain way order sequence that's way cool huh that's engineering psychology any other numbers we if not I'll yeah 47 47 exercise and Sport as you might imagine could be almost anything related to helping athletes in particular but even non you know people that are just exercising how to get like let's say the best out of the routine so they'll study things like exercise programs how to like a visualization processes to get the most out of it Olympic athletes have this great training center and you have guys that are there and exercise and sports psychology training and teaching them um my officemate when I was a graduate student studied exercise psychology and she wanted to find out what's the INF influence of exercise on pregnant moms if moms are pregnant should you exercise or not well she studied this by studying pregnant rats and she put pregnant rats into this thing of water and they had to keep going like in a barrel and they had to go keep going like that and like that and like that and like that and they would lift their heads up all the time but that's how she got them to exercise without saying you know run a mile because they never did and so she just put them in the water and they'd be like and she wanted to see does it affect their birth weight do they have smaller B uh my what do they call those things smaller than if they had you know if they didn't exercise and does exercise at certain times and so I'd come in and she'd be I'd be looking at these mice swimming around all the time pregnant mice very weird okay I'll do maybe two more 46 46 oo media psychology we'll talk about all some of these as we go along but you can see how diverse it is all of these areas are different media psychology as you might imagine is not only the side of presenting psychology to the media and you know doing things like that and how to be involved in that kind of thing and whatever but also the study of the process how do people understand messages get them out of media how does the how does a like for example just being in a movie theater influence us yall know what happened the very first movie that they ever showed to a group like this is about 19 When anybody 189 something like that they put together a film what happened to the audience the very first movie while INF influenced them in this way they showed a train coming at the audience and what did the audience do first movie they ever sat through and watched the first film clip they got up and ran cuz they thought the train was going to hit them that's weird could you imagine like he's got a knife run man we'd never get through any movie but that tells you something about human brins and how we respond imediately we that looks real to me and you react as if it is you've just turned off that part that says run but you do like hold on to the seat run grab that's media psychology we got to move on cool stuff these are just some different topics whether it's addictions or adult development or conflict resolution or like I said engineering or history or human factors as I mentioned law you name it lots of issues broadly diverse field you can specialize in bigger Fields like developmental my specialty was in Social and and cognitive psych but you can do personality psychometrics uh physiology and other we don't know what these guys do but they specialize in something and where they work if you find out we f a whole bunch we don't know where they work either and so other you can work in businesses or governments counseling centers hospitals clinics independent practices schools anyway so you can see it's very Broad and diverse last key theme for today the last key theme is that our world is highly subjective when I reacted to that lady on my doorstep that was because of my background my history my culture um all the things that make me even my mood at the time so therefore one of the things we're also going to find out is I the way you and the way I experience the world are highly subjective depending upon our culture our mood our families of origin how much attention you pay the other day I said this we were we were in this store and this guy reached over and we were standing in front of a one of the fast food restaurant and the guy ordered in front of us and he distracted the lady as he distracted her the cashier he reached over and grabbed all these cups big gigantic drink cups and and and he walked over and he took them over there and uh playing as day I thought and I'm like oh my gosh he just distracted reached over look it was pretty quick reached over took him put him over there did some kind of ruse and walked over and said oh hey thanks for the cops buddy like that so the lady didn't think he was stealing them whatever and he went and he went and gave it to his family and they drank so we're sitting down eating I said God that was weird and Lisa goes what I go that guy reaching over digging those cups she's like what guy that guy over there she goes he did what when we were standing there you didn't see that she goes no I didn't see any of that you didn't see him do it no I didn't see that huh that's weird our behaviors are the result of the things we kind of pay attention to it's not that she she just was thinking about other things at the moment but if we miss some things then it's going to influence and so therefore I pay attention to you you pay attention to me but sometimes we're distracted and when we're distracted we don't always comprehend or record experiences does the actual like in Psychology could tell like this person child no there are very your experiences your life backgrounds do influence um lots of things that even even attention right what you that what you pay attention to if you come from a background in a certain area you're going to pay more attention to that area right if if you so if you were I by the way she you know you work around behavioral Disturbed kids or people that are in locked up facilities you start to be able to pick them out a little bit easier uh even walking down the I pay attention to people the other day a guy was wearing a Troy palu uh Jersey from the Pittsburgh Steelers he walks in we're in another restaurant he walks in he orders some food he's on his skateboard walks out I'm with my family whole family he comes in takes his food he walks out walks away and I noticed the Troy palal New Jersey but I noticed to him what he looked like long hair guy blah blah blah walking that he walks out with his bag and then he came back right around the restaurant and he went past us a few minutes and he didn't have the bag and then about 5 minutes later he went the other way on his skateboard and we're still eating and I'm noticing all this and then we walk out to the car we get ready to go in and the same guy is on his skateboard coming down right by us and one of my kids goes wow look at that guy's got a Troy palal Jersey on and I said yeah is that and and they like oh cool look at it and and I said well haven't you guys seen him before and they're like what do you mean and none of them saw him before and he's been here three times he came in he ordered this and they look at me like who are you why do you care about that like because he came in he did this and they just look at me like we don't think about those kinds of things we're more normal than you but they get used to it so we all look at different things based upon our experiences by the way we do start with some assumptions in the idea of how we take some the relationship between Christianity and science I just really want to switch over to this and just say this our experience and the way we look at even the field of psychology has been impacted by some of the ways in which we even make assumptions about the field so we make assumptions about like science do Christians make assumptions about science that might be different than what maybe some that are nonch Christian make about science some Christians take assumptions about science like things like this ready scientists as a general rule but not all of them what we might call naturalists those who say there are there is no maybe a supernatural world out there make an assumption that there is a world based upon natural principles by the way we call that very thing naturalism but they make some other assumptions that maybe are different than what some people might make and because of this there's been some Conflict at times between a Christian worldview and a scientific worldview mostly because a naturalistic worldview would say ah everything is about nature there's you don't have to appeal to anything Supernatural material you don't have to appeal to an immaterial we don't have an immaterial Soul you going not find a lot of psychologists that believe in an immaterial Soul Christians have however this very powerful idea notion that we're not just composed of matter there is something else there and so ideas like reductionism assumptions like Evolution or relativism all are some of the most basic assumptions you'll find in science but it doesn't mean that they are assumptions that you have to have if your world view is different and mine and many of your worldviews are different because we do believe that there is a God who exists that we have Souls that do have an immaterial sense that sometimes we can't explain behavior just by simply reducing it down to its most basic parts now not all naturalists necessarily believe in all of these things like determinism or Evolution but I'm telling you these are assumptions that a lot of scientists make because they believe and these all depend very heavily upon what's called a natural basis for the origin and operation of the universe but I'm here to say that you can be a very good scientist and not make any of these assumptions in fact some of the best scientists have been those who didn't necessarily buy into a naturalistic worldview they did and were open to the possibility that God did come in and create and do some things in this created order and therefore we can find design or evidence of design in creation or that maybe it just maybe there's the chance that there's a way to explore and understand some things about the created order that would give us some sense about order that we find and so all of these assumptions of science are necessarily bad or good it's just that when we sometimes make these assumptions and we say everybody else has to have these and then we will find ourselves at differences and at odds with some scientists out there and psychologists if they believe these things many of them are not talked about though did a whole PhD ready in a scientific field so experimental social psychology we never once talked about assumptions like well only in a history class we just didn't talk about them because they were what because they were assumptions lastly I'm just going to put up the last thing and then we go some biblical presuppositions I'll just put up these three that there are presuppositions we make a Creator God an immaterial essence of human and of human nature ready some biblical presuppositions that are in kind of contrast is that there was a Creator God there is an immaterial Essence to human be uh nature and there's a sinful uh Fallen human nature and then God ultimately sanctifies those assumptions do bring a needed balance I think to this perspective and this kind of what I think is a somewhat limited view of human nature if we stick with just simply a materialistic naturalistic assumption all right you're done we're going to talk next time about a very quick who psychologists are a history of psychology and then the methods of Biola University offers a variety of biblically centered degree programs ranging from business to Ministry to the Arts and Sciences visit biola.edu to find out how Biola could make a difference in your life [Music]