Lecture Summary: Chapter 1 & 2 Overview

Introduction

• Use of iClicker for extra points in class.
• Focus on Chapter 1 terms and quick overview of Chapter 2 on basic chemistry.
• Access to MyLab and Mastering for homework and quizzes.
  • Ensure proper registration and access, especially on iPads.
  • Contact student support for access issues.

Accessing Course Materials

• MyLab and Mastering platform via Canvas.
• Includes ebook Version 12 and pre-class readings/videos.
• Live lecture videos available on YouTube with a link.
• Assignments and quizzes available under the 'Assignments' tab.
  • First assignment due September 1st.
  • Use Dynamic Study Module for practice before doing graded assignments.

Key Concepts from Chapter 1

Survival Needs

• Right balance of nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temperature, and appropriate atmospheric pressure.
• Nutrients: Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) and micronutrients (minerals, vitamins).
• Oxygen: Essential for survival, limited time without it.
• Water: Universal solvent in an aqueous environment for chemical reactions.
• Body Temperature: Enzymes function optimally within a narrow temperature range.
• Atmospheric Pressure: Essential for gas exchange; rapid changes can be harmful.

Homeostasis

• Definition: Maintaining internal stability despite external changes.
• Dynamic state maintained by nervous and endocrine systems.
• Negative Feedback: Most common, stabilizes system (e.g., temperature regulation).
• Positive Feedback: Rare, amplifies response (e.g., blood clotting, childbirth).

Anatomical Terms

Position & Directions

• Anatomical Position: Standing upright, arms at side, palms forward.
• Directional Terms:
  • Superior (cranial), inferior (caudal), anterior (ventral), posterior (dorsal)
  • Medial, lateral, intermediate, proximal, distal, superficial, deep

Body Regions & Planes

• Axial & Appendicular: Axial (head, neck, trunk), appendicular (limbs).
• Planes:
  • Sagittal (right/left division), frontal (anterior/posterior), transverse (superior/inferior)

Body Cavities

• Dorsal Cavity: Cranial (brain) and vertebral (spinal cord).
• Ventral Cavity: Thoracic (lungs, heart) and abdominopelvic (digestive organs, bladder, reproductive).
• Serous Membranes: Parietal and visceral layers with serous fluid between.

Chapter 2 Overview - Basic Chemistry

Forms of Energy

• Types: Chemical, electrical, mechanical, electromagnetic.
• Energy transformations between kinetic (motion) and potential (stored) energy.
• Not 100% efficiency; some energy lost as heat.

Chemical Elements

• Noble gases: Non-reactive, full outer shell.
• Essential elements: C, H, O, N, P, S, Ca, K, Na

Mixtures & Solutions

• Solutions: Solvent (water) and solute (e.g., salt), measures in molarity.
• Colloids: Particles do not settle (e.g., gelatin).
• Suspensions: Particles settle out (e.g., blood).

Properties of Water

• Polarity: Oxygen is electronegative, hydrogen is electropositive.
• Hydrogen Bonds: Important for sustaining life.