Understanding the Self

Course Overview

• Understanding the Self is a complex yet fundamental subject.
• The course will explore the self from various perspectives including psychological, philosophical, sociological, anthropological, and cultural.
• Emphasis on different contexts: Eastern vs. Western perspectives, physical, spiritual, material, and digital selves.
• Goals include better self-care, health management, and financial planning.
• Core mantra: "Know thyself," encouraging lifelong exploration of one's identity.

Key Concepts

• Self-knowledge is essential for a meaningful life.
• The self is dynamic, involving interaction with society and influenced by culture.
• Learning about oneself is a continuous process.

Philosophical Perspectives on the Self

Philosophy Basics

• Philosophy: Derived from "Philo" (love) and "Sophia" (wisdom), meaning "love of wisdom."
• Explores causes, reasons, and principles of existence and knowledge.
• Philosophy precedes modern science and encompasses both hard and soft sciences.

Ancient Greek Philosophers

Socrates

• Believed in the immortality of the soul and the quest for wisdom.
• The soul seeks wisdom and perfection, using reason as a tool.
• The Socratic Method promotes self-examination and introspection.

Plato

• Distinguished three parts of the self: reason, spirit/passion, and physical appetite.
• Emphasized the dominance of reason over emotions and appetites for happiness.

Aristotle

• Argued that the soul and body are one entity.
• Defined three types of souls: vegetative, sentient, and rational.
• The rational soul is key to a fulfilling life.

Medieval Philosophy

Saint Augustine

• Unified body and soul, with the soul governing the self.
• Human beings are created in God's image, inherently good.
• Self-knowledge is linked to the knowledge of God, fostering a union with God through faith.

Modern Philosophy

• Transition to modern philosophers like Descartes, Freud, and others will be discussed after a break.

Course Conclusion

• The self is simple yet complex, and the course aims to ignite curiosity and drive for self-discovery.
• Encourages introspection and understanding of the self through various philosophical teachings.