Passive and Active Transport

Passive Transport

• Includes: Diffusion and Osmosis
• Energy Requirement: Does not require added energy (no ATP required)
• Movement: Substances move with their gradient (from high to low concentration)
  • High concentration outside cell → Movement into the cell
  • High concentration inside cell → Movement out of the cell
• Facilitated Diffusion: Some substances need proteins to pass through the cell membrane
  • Still considered passive transport because it does not require ATP and moves substances with the gradient

Active Transport

• Energy Requirement: Uses ATP to move substances against their gradient
  • Example: Moving glucose from low concentration to high concentration
• Bulk Transport: A type of active transport
  • Endocytosis: Brings large particles into the cell
  • Exocytosis: Takes large particles out of the cell